Aliphatic alcohols ethylene glycol

Pale yellow liquid. Slight characteristic phenolic odor. Comparatively high viscosity. Hydroxyl no. 253. dj 0.950. bp 293-29T. nff 1.513. Flash pt (open cup) 300PF. Practically insol in water or dil aq NaOH. Sol in benzene, chlorinated solvents, aniline, heptane, aliphatic alcohols, ethylene glycol. 

Definition A mixture of isomeric monoalkyl phenols Empirical C15H24O Formula C9H19C6H4OH Properties Straw-colored clear vise, liq. si. phenolic odor sol. in benzene, chlorinated soivs., aniline, heptane, aliphatic alcohol, ethylene glycol, mostorg. soivs. insol. in water, dil. aq. NaOH m.w. 220.36 dens. 0.949 (20/4 C) b.p. 293-297 C flash pt. > 110 C ref. index 1.5110 (20 C) Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 1620 mg/kg, (skin,... 

Of the alkoxy derivatives, organotin radicals with a number of - OR groups from one [210-212] to four [213] are recommended. It is indicated in the patent [213] that tetraalkoxy derivatives Sn(OR)4 represent poljmier products. The production and use as stabilizers of tin derivatives based on polyatomic aliphatic alcohols - ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, etc., [214], as well as derivatives based on phenols [211], have been patented. It has been established that the organotin al-coholates described in the literature are polymer compounds... 

Neoprene s resistance to attack from solvents, waxes, fats, oils, greases, and many other petroleum-based products is one of its outstanding properties. Excellent service is also experienced when it is in contact with aliphatic compounds (methyl and ethyl alcohols, ethylene glycols, etc.), aliphatic hydrocarbons, and most Freon refrigerants. A minimum amount of swelling... 

In general, amorphous polyamides are somewhat less resistant and more prone to stress-cracking than semi-crystalline polyamides, Table 5.93. Amorphous, partially aromatic polyamides are resistant to gasoline, benzene, paraffin oil, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, aqueous salt solutions, dilute caustic soda, and formaldehyde. They are not resistant to ethanol, propanol, butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, chlorinated hydrocarbons, concentrated mineral acid, and formic acid. 

In addition to its water solubility poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) is soluble in a very wide range of materials, including aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons (methylene dichloride, chloroform), many monohydric and polyhdric alcohols (methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol), some ketones (acetyl acetone) and lactones (a-butyrolactone), lower aliphatic acids (glacial acetic acid) and the nitro-paraffins. The polymer is also compatible with a wide range of other synthetic polymers, with gums and with plasticisers. 

The PET polymer structure can also be generated from the reaction of ethylene glycol and dimethyl terephthalate, with methyl alcohol as the byproduct. A few producers still use this route. The aromatic rings coupled with short aliphatic chains are responsible for a relatively stiff polymer molecule, as compared with more aliphatic structures such as polyolefin or polyamide. The lack of segment mobility in the polymer chains results in relatively high thermal stability, as will be discussed later. 

Prior to this time, other ventures had already been operating to produce commercial quantities of aliphatic chemicals from petroleum sources. Truly commercial production of ethylene glycol had been achieved by 1925 (10) using natural gas fractions as a starting material, and even earlier (about 1920) there had been the manufacture of isopropyl alcohol from cracking plant propylene (20), which may be termed the pioneer operation on a successful, continuing basis in the sphere of aliphatic synthesis from petroleum. 

Water absorption is less than 0.1wt% after 24 hours. However, PBT is not recommended for extended use in water or aqueous solutions above 52C (125F).112 PBT plastics are also intrinsically resistant to detergents, weak acids and bases, aliphatic hydrocarbons, fluorinated hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, ethylene glycol, carbon tetrachloride, oils, and fats at room temperature. They also exhibit good resistance to motor oil, gasoline, transmission fluids, and brake fluids at temperatures to 60C (HOF).113... 

Glycol. Ethylene glycol, HO—CH2—CH2—OH also a general term for dihydric alcohols, that is, dihydroxy derivatives of the aliphatic hydrocarbons. 

Some other recent examples are the use of palladium nanoparticles entrapped in aluminum hydroxide [181], resin-dispersed Pd nanoparticles [182], and poly (ethylene glycol)-stabilized palladium nanoparticles in scC02 [183]. Although in some cases the activities for activated alcohols obtained with these Pd-nanoparti-cles are impressive, the conversion of aliphatic alcohols is still rather slow. 

Probably the simplest polymer formation reaction involving phosgene is that with the dihydric aliphatic alcohols, such as ethylene, propylene or butylene glycol viz. ethane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol or butane-1,4-diol) this reaction results in the formation of linear, wax-like polymers suitable for the impregnation of materials requiring water barrier properties [1133]. 

Waxes are different from fats and oils in that they are mono- or dihydric alcohols, and are glycerides of ethylene glycol instead of glycerol. Waxes may originate from either animal or plant material. The wax alcohols may be aliphatic or alicyclic [ 107]. 

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