Dihydric aliphatic alcohols

Probably the simplest polymer formation reaction involving phosgene is that with the dihydric aliphatic alcohols, such as ethylene, propylene or butylene glycol viz. ethane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol or butane-1,4-diol) this reaction results in the formation of linear, wax-like polymers suitable for the impregnation of materials requiring water barrier properties [1133]. 

Classification Aliphatic dihydric alcohol Empirical C2H6O2 Formula HOCH2CH2OH Properties Colorless clear liq., sweet taste (poisonous) sol. in water, lower aliphatic alcohols, glycerol, glycol ethers, acetone, most org. soivs. poor sol. in toluene, benzene, chloroform m.w. 62.07 sp.gr. 1.1135 (20/4 C) vise. 17.3 cps m.p. -13 C b.p. 197.6 C flash pt. (OC) 115 C ref. index 1.43063 surf. tens. 48.49 dynes/cm dielec, const. 37.7... 

The reduction of different aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes or ketones 15 was easily achieved using the combination of dihydrated nickel(II) chloride, lithium and a catalytic amount of naphthalene (16%) or DTBB (8%) in THF, yielding the corresponding alcohols without (534) or with (535) deuterium labelling in 57-86% yield. For imines 536, the same process afforded the corresponding amines 537 or deuterio amines 538 in 54- >95% yield . 

Alcohols can be regarded as hydroxyl derivatives of hydrocarbons. They can be characterized by the number of hydroxyl groups (monohydric, dihydric, etc.), according to their structure (primary, secondary or tertiary), and by the structure of the hydrocarbon function to which the hydroxyl is attached (aliphatic, cyclic, saturated or unsaturated). 

The purity of lanolin and standard tests have been described in the European Pharmacopoeia (EP), in The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), and according to other national standards.13,14 Lanolin is a semisolid with a melting point of approximately 40 6°C and has a molecular weight in the range of 790 to 880 Da. Lanolin is a complex and variable mixture of mainly esters, diesters, hydroxy esters (87.0-93.5%, w/w),7 8 15 lanolin alcohols (6.0-12.5%, w/w), lanolin acids (<0.5%, w/w), and lanolin hydrocarbons (<1.0%, w/w). The latter are also called paraffins and petrolatum by the EP and USP, respectively.13,14 16-18 Approximately 40% of the esters are a-hydroxy esters. Due to the extremely complex nature of lanolin, the true number of different esters present is unknown. Barnett calculated the theoretical number of monoester combinations from random combinations of 69 aliphatic lanolin alcohols, 6 sterols, and 138 saturated lanolin acids to total 10,350.8 This is most probably an underestimate of the total number of esters, as dibasic acids and dihydric alcohols also occur naturally in lanolin.19 Further combinations of cyclic mono- and di-esters may be formed by dehydration and from inter- and intra-esterification due to heating during the manufacturing process.7 8... 

Other products that may be epoxidized in this way include dihydric and trihydric phenols, aliphatic polyols such as glycerol, and simple alcohols such as butanol or alyl alcohol. These products, especially the monofunctional glycidyl ethers, are used at relatively low percentages to reduce the viscosity of formulations containing DGEBA resins. In this way, they act as reactive diluents. 

Glycol. Ethylene glycol, HO—CH2—CH2—OH also a general term for dihydric alcohols, that is, dihydroxy derivatives of the aliphatic hydrocarbons. 

Glycols are aliphatic dihydric alcohols. Primary and secondary glycols are thick liquids, and tertiary glycols (pinacones) are crystalline solids. The principal glycols to which people are or have been exposed, either occupationally or in medicinal products, are ... 

Waxes are different from fats and oils in that they are mono- or dihydric alcohols, and are glycerides of ethylene glycol instead of glycerol. Waxes may originate from either animal or plant material. The wax alcohols may be aliphatic or alicyclic [ 107]. 

CAS 107-21-1 EINECS/ELINCS 203-473-3 Synonyms 1,2-Dihydroxyethane EG 1,2-Ethanediol Ethane-1,2-diol Ethylene alcohol Ethylene dlhydrate Glycol (I NCI) Glycol alcohol MEG Monoethylene glycol Classification Aliphatic dihydric alcohol Empirical C2H602 Formula HOCHjCHjOH... 

CAS 107-41-5 EINECS/ELINCS 203 89-0 Synonyms 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol 2-Methylpentane-2,4-dk)l 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol 2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl a,a,oc-Trimethyltrimethyleneglycol Classification Aliphatic dihydric alcohol Empirical CsH Oz Formula (CH3)2COHCH3CHOHCH3... 

Classification Aliphatic dihydric alcohol Empirical C3H8O2 Formula CH3CHOHCH2OH... 

Classification Aliphatic dihydric alcohol Empirical C6H14O2 Formula (CH3)2COHCH2CHOHCH3 Properties Colorless liq., nearly odorless sol. in water, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, fatty acids m.w. 118.18 dens. 0.9216 (20/4 C) m.p. -50 C sets to glass b.p. 198.3 C flash pt. (TCC) 98 C ref. index 1.4276 (20 C)... 

A process of subjecting a mixture of lactic acid, an aliphatic dihydric alcohol and an aliphatic dibasic acid directly to dehydration polycondensation (9)... 

Unsaturated polyesters are the most versatile class of thermosetting polymers. They are macromolecules made up of an unsaturated component, (i.e., maleic anhydride or its trans isomer, fumaric acid, which provides the sites for further reaction) and a saturated dibasic acid or anhydride with dihydric alcohols or oxides (typically phthalic anhydride which can be replaced by aliphatic acid, like adipic acid, for improved flexibility). If blends of phthalic anydride (or isophthalic acid) and maleic anhydride/fumaric acid are used, ortho (or iso) resins (Figure 6.18) are obtained. On the other hand, if propoxylated or ethoxylated bisphenol A is used with fumaric acid, bisphenol A fumarates are obtained, if a blend of chlorendic... 

The first monoglucoslde of a simple aliphatic dihydric alcohol... 

ClassiFication Aliphatic dihydric alcohol Empirical C2H8O2 Formula HOCH2CH2OH... 

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