Albuminuria

Albumlngehalt, m. albumin content, albuminisieren, v.t. albuminize. Albuminisienmg, /. albuminization. Albumin-kupfer, m. copper albuminate, -stoff, m. albuminous substance, protein, -sub-stanz, f. albuminoid substance, -urie, /. albuminuria. 

Eiweiss-hsmen, n. albuminuria, -korper, m. albuminous substance, protein, -leim, m. albumin glue gluten protein. -Idsung, /. albumin solution, -nahrung, /, albuminous food, -papier, n. albuminized paper, eiweiss-reich, a. rich in albumin (or in protein), -spaltend, p.a. proteolytic. 

Diuretics Diabetes mellitus with albuminuria/proteinuria... 

Intensive insulin therapy, the administration of insulin three or more times daily to maintain preprandial blood glucose levels between 70 and 120 g/dL and postprandial blood glucose levels less than 180 g/dL, has been shown to decrease the incidence of proteinuria and albuminuria in patients with diabetes, both with and without documented nephropathy. The development and progression of nephropathy is also delayed in patients with type 1 DM receiving intensive insulin therapy. Continued benefits of intensive insulin therapy have been demonstrated up to 8 years after the study.16... 

Elder is also used therapeutically as a homeopathic medicine. It was introduced by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann in 1819. The Sambucus ebulus or S. nigra species is most often used. However, it is not one of the more widely used homeopathic medicines. As a homeopathic remedy, elder is known as sambucus. Some of the indications for sambucus include albuminuria (the presence of protein in the urine), angina pectoris, asthma, dizziness and headache upon arising, dry larynx and lumbago. 

CDC Case Definition A mosquito-borne viral illness characterized by acute onset and constitutional symptoms followed by a brief remission and a recurrence of fever, hepatitis, albuminuria, and symptoms and, in some instances, renal failure, shock, and generalized hemorrhages. Laboratory criteria for diagnosis is (1) fourfold or greater rise in yellow fever antibody titer in a patient who has no history of recent yellow fever vaccination and cross-reactions to other flaviviruses have been excluded or (2) demonstration of yellow fever virus, antigen, or genome in tissue, blood, or other body fluid. 

Patients with type 2 DM should have a routine urinalysis at diagnosis as the initial screening test for albuminuria. If positive, a 24-hour urine for quantitative assessment will assist in developing a treatment plan. If the urinalysis is negative for protein, a test to evaluate the presence of microalbuminuria is recommended. 

Adequate blood pressure control (Fig. 76-4, see Figs. 76-2 and 76-3) can reduce the rate of decline in GFR and albuminuria in patients with or without diabetes. 

The urine frequently contains casts and amorphous debris, but rarely any considerable number of red blood corpuscles. Proteinuria and aminoaciduria are found in nearly all untreated patients from a very early age. The proteinuria is usually reported as albuminuria in the literature, but in some cases the urinary protein has been shown by electrophoresis to consist largely of a-globulin and other relatively low-molecular-weight proteins (B21). A similar urinary pattern occurs in a number of diseases of the renal tubule. The proteinuria is often only moderate in degree, e.g., < 50 to 150 mg protein per 100 ml of urine, but is easily detected by the conventional tests for protein, such as salicylsulfonic acid. Excretion of protein can rise to nearly 1 g/100 ml in some cases (H8, L7). 

Renal Effects. Information regarding renal effects of cyanide in humans is limited to one report. Albuminuria was found in a man during the first 2 days after ingestion of 15 mg CN /kg as potassium cyanide in a suicide attempt (Liebowitz and Schwartz 1948). 

Proteinuria (including albuminuria indicative of increases in the permeability of the glomerular capillary wall fi-2 microglobulin indicative of an impairment in tubular reabsorption)... 

Renal Effects. Several case studies reported normal urinalysis tests in children following acute ingestion of kerosene (Dudin et al. 1991 Mahdi 1988 Nouri and Al-Rahim 1970), although albuminuria was occasionally noted (Dudin 1991 Nouri and Al-Rahim 1970). 

Workers exposed to an airborne fluoride concentration of 5mg/m complained of eye and respiratory tract irritation and nausea. The lethal oral dose of sodium fluoride for humans has been estimated to be 32-65 mg F/kg of body weight. Effects from ingestion are diffuse abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting excessive salivation, thirst, and perspiration painful spasms of the limbs and sometimes albuminuria." Gastrointestinal effects produced after the acute ingestion of toxic amounts of fluoride likely arise from the corrosive action of hydrofluoric acid, which is produced within the acidic environment of the stomach. Cardiac arrest after accidental exposure to high levels of fluoride has been attributed to the development of hypocalcemia and/or hyperkalemia. ... 

The LCso for a 7-hour exposure of rats was 1480 ppm death was due to lung and kidney injury. Rabbits exposed to 800 and 1600ppm for 4—10 days showed irritation of the upper respiratory tract and lungs, severe glomerulonephritis, hematuria, and albuminuria. Oral doses of lOOmg/kg/day for 4 days produced hemorrhagic bone marrow, thymic... 

Hashimoto DM, Kelsey KT, Seitz T, et al The presence of urinary cellular sediment and albuminuria in newspaper press workers exposed to solvents. 7 Occup Med 33 516-526, 1991... 

Inhalation of high concentrations of the dust by one worker caused temporary coma followed by weakness, myalgia, anuria, and later polyuria. After ingestion of 2-5 g of picric acid, which has a bitter taste, there may be headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, yellow coloration of the skin, hematuria, and albuminuria high doses cause destruction of erythrocytes, hemorrhagic nephritis, and hepatitis. ... 

Gil Urinary retention oliguria dysuria vaginitis albuminuria genital edema kidney failure polyuria urethral pain urinary incontinence vaginal moniliasis. 

Adverse reactions may include abdominal pain, abnormal involuntary movements, abnormal liver function tests, aching joints or muscles, acute urinary retention, adenopathy or lymphadenopathy, aggravation of coronary artery disease, aggravation of disseminated lupus erythematosus, agranulocytosis, albuminuria, alopecia, alterations in pigmentation, anorexia, aplastic anemia, arrhythmias, asthma, AV P.729... 

Diabetes mellitus causes about 50% of all patients being treated for End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in the USA and this is because the disease (type 2 disease) is pervasive. Recent studies have shown that the onset and progression of the disease can be ameliorated if treatment is instituted early on in the course of the disease. ESRD is the commonest complication of type 1 diabetes. A higher proportion of individuals with type 2 diabetes was found to have microalbuminuria and overt nephropathy shortly after the diagnosis of diabetes, because the diabetes had actually been present for many years before the diagnosis was made. There is a correlation between the degree of albuminuria and cardiovascular disease. 

The earliest clinical evidence of nephropathy is micro-albuminuria (albumin excretion 30-300 mg/ 24 hours or 20-200 pg/min) and patients are referred as having incipient nephropathy. Micro-albuminuria rarely occurs early in type 1 diabetes, therefore screening in patients is necessary after 5 years duration of the disease. Because of the difficulty of precisely dating the onset of type 2 diabetes such screening should begin at the onset of diagnosis. 

Ruggenenti P, Fassi A, Illieva AP, Gaspan F, Benini R, Re-muzzi G. Preventing micro-albuminuria in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2004 351 1941-51. 

DMARD Refractory Lupus Nephritis is considered to be in remission when the SLAM-R Score is suppressed to zero, ESR is suppressed to 10 mm (male 5 mm) and 24 hours Micro-albuminuria is suppressed to <30 mg (normal <30 mg). Remission with oral drugs (RworalDs) is defined when Remission is maintained with MME and/or CyS for at least 2 years and remission without drug (RwD) when after 2 years therapy, oral drugs are tapered off with a sustained remission for at least 2 years. 

Nephrotoxic activity. Fmit juice, administered by intravenous infusion to dogs at a dose of 3 mL/minute for 100 minutes, produced weak activity. Albuminuria was observed just before the end of infusion administration . 

Patients with renal disease should have routine urine tests for albuminuria. 

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