Adhesion molecule expression, inhibition

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 inhibition. Fixed oil of embryos, administered orally to human adults, decreased the expression of intercellular adhesion mole-cule-l k... 

As in other tissues, glucocorticoids inhibit production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-ct, IL-1) and chemokines (IL-8) reduce expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cydooxygenase-2, and NF- . 

As described above, halichlorine was shown to inhibit LPS-induced events in BAECs, including adhesion-molecule expression, adherence of monocytes, and NF- activation. Thus, halichlorine is thought to be an attractive candidate for the adjunctive therapy of diseases such as atherosclerosis. 

Tomita, N., Morishita, R., Tomita, S., Gibbons, G. H., Zhang, L., Horiuchi, M., Kaneda, Y., Higaki, J., Ogihara, T. and Dzau, V. J. (2000). Transcription factor decoy for NFkappaB inhibits TNF-alpha-induced cytokine and adhesion molecule expression in vivo. Gene Ther. 7, 1326-1332. 

Zhang WJ, Frei B, Intracellular metal ion chelators inhibit TNFalpha-induced SP-I activation and adhesion molecule expression in human aortic endothelial cells, Free Radic Biol Med 2003 34(6) 674-682. 

Initial attempts at treating or preventing restenosis focused primarily on inhibition of the proliferation of vascular SMCs (VSMCs). A series of agents successful at inhibition of SMC proliferation in vitro as well as in vivo in animal models such as carotid injury models in the rat failed to demonstrate benefit in the clinic. More recently, it has been shown in addition to effects on SMCs, that mechanical intervention also activates the recruitment and activation of immune cells. Cell signaling through cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecule expression results in the recruitment to the vascular wall of cells of many types, as well as their proliferation, migration, and/or maturation. 

Rather than antagonising adhesion molecule expression on leucocytes, would it not be more advantageous to interfere with the expression of their counterreceptors on cerebral vessel walls It appears that endothelial cells adjacent to sites of infec-tion/inflammation in the CNS are just as likely to express increased levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P- and E-selectins as are similarly perturbed endothelial cells in other organs (e.g., skin, heart, and lung). Inhibiting the expression of these vascular adhesion molecules may impair lymphocyte trafficking across the BBB, but unfortunately it may also predispose to infection. 

Peng, Q., Wei, Z., and Lau, B.H., Pycnogenol inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation and adhesion molecule expression in human vascular endothelial cells. Cell Molecular Life Scl, 57, 834-841, 2000. 

In vivo studies on saponins isolated from Bupleurum rotundifolium L. (Apiaceae) were reported to have anti-inflammatory activity against both TPA-induced ear oedema and chronic skin inflammation [75]. Kim et al. suggested that the antiinflammatory activity of these saponins is related to anticomplementary action through the classical inflammation pathway [76]. Tumor promoters induce TNE-a, which stimulates the production of cell adhesion molecules. EGCG inhibited NE-kB and expression of TNE-a, thereby reducing cancer promotion [77]. 

Barter P. Inhibition of endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression by high density lipoproteins. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1997 24 286-287. 

Martin, K.R. 2010a. Both common and specialty mushrooms inhibit adhesion molecule expression and in vitro binding of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells in a pro-inflammatory environment. Nutrition journal, 9, 29,... 

Zhang, F.L. et al. (2006) Selective inhibition by grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts of cell adhesion molecule expression induced by advanced glycation end products in endothelial ooWs. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 48 (2), 47-53... 

In addition to antioxidant activity, there are specific a-tocopherol-dependent functions that normalize cellular functions in a variety of cells. a-Tocopherol plays a critical role through its ability to inhibit the activity of protein kinase C, a central player in many signal transduction pathways. Specifically, it modulates pathways of platelet aggregation, endothelial cell nitric oxide production, monocyte/macrophage superoxide production, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Regulation of adhesion molecule expression and inflammatory cell cytokine production by a-tocopherol has also been reported. However, most of the information in this area has been obtained from in vitro studies. More studies in hiunans are needed to relate a-tocopherol intakes and tissue concentrations to optimal tissue responses. 

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