Adenovirus immune response

Yen N, Ioannides CG, Xu K, et al. Cellular and humoral immune responses to adenovirus and p53 protein antigens in patients following intratumor injection of an adenovirus vector expressing wild-type p53 (Ad-p53). Cancer Gene Ther 2000 7 530-536. 

While short-term, high-level gene expression may be appropriate for some gene therapy applications, it would be of less use for the treatment of, for example, genetic diseases, where long-term gene expression would be required. This could be achieved in theory by repeat administration of the adenoviral vector. However, adenoviruses prompt a strong immune response, which limits the efficacy of repeat administration. 

Rothel, J.S., Boyle, D.B., Both, C.W., Pye, A.D., Waterkeyn, J.G., Wood, P.R. and Lightowlers, M.W. (1997a) Sequential nucleic acid and recombinant adenovirus vaccination induces host-protective immune responses against Taenia ovis infection in sheep. Parasite Immunology 19, 221-227. 

Yang, Y., Li, Q., Ertl, H.C. and Wilson, J.M. (1995) Cellular and humoral immune responses to viral antigens create barriers to lung-directed gene therapy with recombinant adenoviruses. J. Virol., 69, 2004-2015. 

Qin, L. H., Ding, Y. Z., Pahud, D. R., Robson, N. D., Shaked, A. and Bromberg, J. S. (1997). Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of viral interleukin-10 inhibits the immune response to both alloantigen and adenoviral antigen. Hum. Gene Ther. 8, 1365-1374. 

Chirmule N, Kutschke W, McAnally J, Shelton J, Immune responses to adenovirus and adeno-associated virus in humans, Gene Ther 1999 6 1574-1583. 

Tripadiy SK, Black HB, Goldwasser E, Leiden JM (1996) Immune responses to tr-ansgene-encoded proteins limit die stability of gene expression after injecdon of replicadon-defecdve adenovirus vectors. Nat Med 2 545-550. 

Hartman ZC, Kiang A, Everett RS et al. Adenovirus infection triggers a rapid, MyD88-rcgulated transcriptome response critical to acute-phase and adaptive immune responses in vivo. J Virol 2007 81(4) 1796-1812. 

Michou AI, Santoro L, Christ M, Julhard V, Pavirani A, Mehtali M (1997) Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer Influence of transgene, mouse strain and type of immune response on persistence of transgene expression. Gene Ther 4 473 82. 

Transdermal vaccination or transcutaneous immunization, is attractive, because it does not require specially trained personnel necessary for needle injections. Topical application of antigens to intact skin has shown promising results for the administration of DNA-based vaccines. Noninvasive gene delivery by pipetting adenovirus- or liposome-complexed plasmid DNA onto the outer layer of skin was able to achieve localized transgene expression within a restricted subset of skin in mice. It also elicited an immune response against the protein encoded by the DNA. ... 

Mittal, S.K. Papp, Z. Tikoo, S.K. Baca-Estrada, M. Yoo, D. Benko, M. Babiuk, L.A. Induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses in cotton rats immunized with human adenovirus type 5 recombinants expressing the full and secretory forms of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein gD. Virology 1996, 222, 299-309. 

Mittal, S.K. Aggarwal, N. Sailaja, G. van Olphen, A. HogenEsch, H. North, A. Hays, J. Moffatt, S. Immunization with DNA, adenovirus or both in biodegradable alginate microspheres effect of route of inoculation on immune response. Vaccine, in press. 

Potentially pathogenic DNA viruses. These include adenoviruses and pox or vaccinia viruses. Both virus types can replicate in mammalian cytoplasm, whether or not the host cell is in mitosis or quiescent, and usually elicit a host immune response. 

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