Adaptive Phased Management

A multitude of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) interventions have been proposed by researchers and practitioners. Even though the interventions as such have proven to be effective—normally under controlled conditions— implementation in practice is often difficult and interventions may therefore not work as expected. Therefore literature points out that the effects of interventions rarely are as strong as expected (see e.g. Kennedy et al., 2010). A number of researchers have tried to solve this problem by suggesting various models for the design of interventions which should secure a stronger implementation. Most of these models understand interventions as projects and they have adapted phase models from the industrial management literature (see e.g. Hare and Cameron, 2012). 

The next phases are detailed planning of restoration measures, planning of project assessment and project implementation. The final phase, utilization, includes maintenance measures, evaluation of project success, adaptive management and the communication of results. Throughout all phases of the project, the general political and societal framework conditions are taken into account. In short, project managers must deal with complex processes and consider the contextual analysis [7]. 

In addition to the implementation process, evaluation of the project s success is the core of a restoration project. However, many projects do not take this final check, which is a prerequisite for adaptive management, into consideration. Bernhardt et al. [23] found that only 10% of project records (out of 37,099 projects) indicated that any form of assessment or monitoring was carried out. In most European countries, the estimated proportion of success evaluation is in the same range or even lower. Project evaluation through systematic data collection serves to verify whether the project objectives that were defined during the planning phase have been achieved [24]. Therefore, project evaluation is the process of examining the... 

Figure 7.1 Two-way interactions matches and mismatches. Scenarios developed by Pamela Ramsden, based on her interviews with senior managers and her observations of senior teams in action. For expleuiation of phases, see text. Adapted from Moore (1982 96-99) by permission of the publisher. Pitman Publishing...

FIGURE 7.3 Phase diagram of water. (Adapted from Akyurt, M. et al., Energy Corners. Manage., 43, 1773, 2002.)... 

Core processes (project management context) Processes with clear dependencies that are likely to be performed in the same order on most projects. These processes can be iterated several times. Examples are scope planning, performance reporting, and project phase initiation. (Adapted from PMBOK Guide— 2000 edition)... 

SIS modification To make corrections, enhancements, or adaptations to the SIS, ensuring that the required safety integrity level is achieved and maintained. 17 Apply appropriate safety lifecycle phase during management-of-change activity. 

Source Adapted from Black belt training manual, define phase, black belt. Breakthrough Management Croup Inc. Adapted from Handbook for basic process improvement, U.S. Navy, May 1996, Public Domain, http //1. usa.gov/Y7U2ZX. 

Safety Culture Snapshot User Guide. (2010). Department of Labor, TE TARI MAHI, Reprinted with Permission. Six Sigma Measure Phase, Data Collection Plan and Data Collection, (n.d.). tutorialspoint,. Permission to Reprint/ Modify/Adapt for Use. Retrieved from http //www.tutorialspoint.com/six sigma/index.htm Successful Health and Safety Management, hsg65. (1997). Health and safety Executive, Crown Pubhshing, permission to Reprint. Retrieved from http //biLly/YKDzRk... 

This document is the adaptation of lEC 61508 to comply with needs specific to electronic systems within road vehicles. It provides an automotive safety life cycle (management, development, production, operation, service, decommissioning) and addresses the activities during those life-cycle phases. 

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