Acute consumption

Alcohol abuse is associated with many psychiatric complications, starting with those involving acute consumption or withdrawal ... 

Heiss C, Kleinbongard P, Dejam A, Perre S, Schroeter H, Sies H, Kelm M. 2005. Acute consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa and the reversal of endothelial dysfunction in smokers. J Am Coll Cardiol 46 1276-1283. 

It is well known that the acute consumption of THC causes tachycardia in humans without any significant effect on blood pressure, whilst the chronic ingestion of cannabinoids leads to hypotension and bradycardia (Benowitz and Jones 1975). Pharmacological studies using selective CBi receptor antagonists (Varga et al. 1995 Lake et al. 1997) have suggested that some of these cardiovascular responses are mediated by CBi receptors. 

In a human clinical trial, the administration of 148 mg of procyanidins had increased plasma epicatechin at 2 h compared to baseline (0 h) [33]. In addition, plasma epicatechin concentration increased to 21.2 nmol/L after consumption of the procyanidins and then returned to normal levels [33]. Similarly, plasma procyanidin dimer, (-)-epicatechin and (-i-)-catechin can be detected as early as 0.5 h and reach maximal concentrations by 2 h after acute consumption of cocoa [36]. Murphy et al. [1] indicated that administration of procyanidins increased plasma (-)-epicatechin and (-i-)-catechin by 81 % and 28 %, respectively. Moreover, (-)-epicatechin was detected as early as 0.5-1 h after chocolate or cocoa consumption and they are present mainly as sulfate conjugates, glucuronides, or methylated forms [89]. A study related to plasma kinetics of epicatechin in men after consumption of 40 and 80 g of dark chocolates, detected that epicatechin increased markedly after chocolates consumption, reaching a maximum between 2 and 3 h [90]. The maximal concentration and AUC of plasma kinetics correlate well with... 

Another factor that impacts urinary steroid profiles is the acute consumption of alcohol.Urinary T/EpiT values increase and A/T levels decrease under the influence of ethanol intake, which necessitates analyses for ethanol (and/or its glucuronic acid conjugate) in urine samples being suspect due to the above mentioned alterations in the steroid profile. ... 

Pentoxifylline is stmcturaHy related to other methylxanthine derivatives such as caffeine [58-02-2] (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), theobromine [83-67-0] (3,7-dimethylxanthine), and theophylline [58-55-9] (3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1 H-piirine-2,6-dione or 1,3-dimethylxanthine), which also show radioprotective activity in some instances, suggesting that methylxanthines as a dmg class may radioprotect through a common mechanism (see Alkaloids). In a retrospective analysis of cervical and endometrial cancer patients receiving primary or adjuvant XRT, no association between caffeine consumption and incidence of acute radiation effects has been found. However, there was a decreased incidence of severe late radiation injury in cervical cancer patients who consumed higher levels of caffeine at the time of thek XRT (121). The observed lack of correlation between caffeine consumption and acute radiation effects is consistent with laboratory investigations using pentoxifylline. 

Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is an acute inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines. Symptoms include anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain and weakness. Gastroenteritis has many causes, such as bacteria (food poisoning), viruses, parasites, consumption of irritating food or drink, as well as stress. Treatment for the condition depends on the underlying cause. 

MDMA overdose as well as the concomitant consumption of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) with other dmgs that exert serotoninergic effects (such as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase) can rapidly lead to the serotonin syndrome. Its symptoms, which are reversible upon cessation, of the drug include confusion, muscle rigidity in the lower limbs, and hyperthermia suggesting an acute reaction to serotonin overflow in the CNS. Blocking the function of SERT outside the brain causes side effects (e.g., nausea), which may be due to elevated 5HT however , impairment of transporter function is not equivalent to direct activation of 5HT recqrtors in causing adverse effects such as fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. 

Hawaii Heaith guideiines appiicabieto aii water Freshwater acute chronic Saitwater acute chronic Fish consumption 0.22 pg/L 0.056 pg/L 0.034 pg/L 0.0087 pg/L 52 pg/L Hawaii Department of Heaith 1999... 

Panagiotakos, D.B. et al., Consumption of fruits and vegetables in relation to the risk of developing acute coronary syndromes the CARDI02000 case-control study, Nutr. J., 2, 2, 2003. 

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a severe systemic disorder characterized by the thrombi formation within the circulation that result in the platelet consumption and subsequent thrombocytopenia. The inherited sub-type is chronic and relapsing and generally occurs in childhood. Acute idiopathic TTP, which occurs in adults, is more common and harder to treat. The estimated annual incidence of TTP is 3.7 cases per million.33... 

While caffeine consumption has resulted in improved mood, abstinence has resulted in negative moods.147 Both acute withdrawal154 and overnight abstinence148 appear to cause dysphoric mood states. 

A variety of factors differentiating tolerance studies could have contributed to the observed discrepancy. Lower doses are less likely to lead to tolerance than higher doses or will do so less rapidly. The habitual coffee drinkers in some studies may have had different levels or durations of consumption. In the cases of acute dosing, caffeine consumed by subjects outside the laboratory on the day of the experiment may have varied. This is particularly true when some investigators request in advance that subjects abstain from caffeine prior to the experiment, while others do not. Differences in age, gender, and arousal-relevant personality dimensions,... 

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