Active ingredient powder

Neutralizing Lotion. The principal active ingredient of cold wave neutralizers is usually an oxidizing agent. The most popular is hydrogen peroxide [7722-84-1J, employed at a concentration of 1—2% it continues to find widespread use. Aqueous solutions of sodium bromate [7789-38-0] at a concentration of 10—20% occasionally are used and are technically preferred over the peroxide formulations because of excellent stabiUty and absence of hair bleaching. Neutralizing powders appear to be on the decline but formulations stiU in use consist of sodium perborate [7632-04-4] combined with hexametaphosphates to improve solubiUty in hard water. 

The main purpose of pesticide formulation is to manufacture a product that has optimum biological efficiency, is convenient to use, and minimizes environmental impacts. The active ingredients are mixed with solvents, adjuvants (boosters), and fillers as necessary to achieve the desired formulation. The types of formulations include wettable powders, soluble concentrates, emulsion concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, suspension concentrates, suspoemulsions, water-dispersible granules, dry granules, and controlled release, in which the active ingredient is released into the environment from a polymeric carrier, binder, absorbent, or encapsulant at a slow and effective rate. The formulation steps may generate air emissions, liquid effluents, and solid wastes. 

To remove the excipient, the tablet was ground to a powder and a weighed portion treated with a known volume of a mixture of 5% glacial acetic acid in methanol. The slurry was well stirred to ensure all the active ingredients were dissolved and the mixture was filtered. 

Methyl parathion is marketed as a technical grade solution (80% methyl parathion) or in emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid, dustable powder, and encapsulated suspension forms (HSDB 1999). The technical grade solution contains 80% active ingredient, 16.7%... 

End-use formulations should be used as the test substance. If an active ingredient is marketed in two commercial formulations, then both should be used in the study, since there may be differences in residue levels and dissipation rates, e.g., a wettable powder versus a liquid formulation. The best solution would be plots located at the same site for a side-by-side comparison. This should only be necessary at one of the sites. However, each formulation should be represented in the study unless a strong case can be made for a worst-case scenario. 

The receipt of the test substance should be documented upon arrival at the test site. The name of the product, manufacturer, active ingredient concentration, expiration date, storage location, storage requirements, lot or batch number, the amount received, the condition at receipt, and whether the material is an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), fiowable, powder or otherwise should be noted in the research notebook. In addition, one should note the purchase date, the shipment date, and the carrier of the product. 

GM Irwin, GJ Dodson, LJ Ravin. Encapsulation of clomacron phosphate I. Effect of fiowability of powder blends, lot-to-lot variability, and concentration of active ingredient on weight variation of capsules filled on an automatic capsule filling machine. J Pharm Sci 59 547-550, 1970. 

The purpose of in-use stability studies is to establish the period for which a product intended to be used on more than one occasion may be used after reconstitution or dilution or the withdrawal of the first dose from the container without adversely affecting the integrity of the product and with the product retaining acceptable quality characteristics. This type of test can be applied to any multiple use product (e.g., sterile products in multiple-use containers, powders or granules including those used to produce oral solutions or suspensions) but is likely to be of particular importance in the case of products that are manufactured with an inert headspace gas, for products containing antioxidants to protect an active ingredient that is liable to oxidative decomposition, and for products that contain a volatile antimicrobial preservative. 

When the data in Table 4 were given full evaluation, it was recommended that the 50W formulation of chlorpyrifos no longer be marketed in bags that allowed significant exposure for mixer-loaders of this product. This product was removed from the marketplace and was replaced with one in which the wettable powder (WP) is in water-dissolvable packets. Exposure data on other active ingredients have clearly demonstrated reduced exposure with this type of packaging. The other uses were deemed to present a minimal hazard to users, and only minor protective measures have been recommended to workers. 

Trigard 75 WP is a new insecticide with a unique mode of action and a unique triazine structure. It is a solid formulated as a wettable powder and is packaged in water-soluble bags. The active ingredient in Trigard has the common name cyromazine. Cyromazine is a triazine, but, unlike the well-known triazine herbicides, this compound has insecticidal properties and no herbicidal activity. Cyromazine has low mammalian toxicity and low vapor pressure. It is hydrophilic, so dermal penetration is expected to be... 

Water uptake causes a host of problems in drug products and the inactive and active ingredients contained in them. Moisture uptake has been shown to be an important factor in the decomposition of drug substances [1-8]. Moisture has also been shown to change surface properties of solids [9,10], alter flow characteristics of powders [11,12], and affect the compaction properties of solids [13]. This chapter discusses various mathematical models that can be used to describe moisture uptake by deliquescent materials. 

US patent 6,723,728, Polymorphic and other crystalline forms cis-FTC [106], The present invention relates to polymorphic and other crystalline forms of (—)-and ( )-cA-(4-amino-5-fluoro-l-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-2(lH)-pyrimidinone, or FTC) [106]. Solid phases of (—)-cz>FTC that were designated as amorphous (—)-FTC, and Forms II and III were found to be distinguishable from Form I by X-ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis properties, and their methods of manufacture. A hydrated crystalline form of ( )-cA-FTC and a dehydrated form of the hydrate, were also disclosed, and can similarly be distinguished from other forms of FTC by X-ray powder diffraction, thermal properties, and their methods of manufacture. These FTC forms can be used in the manufacture of other forms of FTC, or as active ingredients in pharmaceutical compositions. Particularly preferred uses of these forms are in the treatment of HIV or hepatitis B. 

Approximately 55 different commercial formulations of chlordecone have been prepared since its introduction in 1958 (Epstein 1978). The major form of chlordecone, which was used as a pesticide on food products, was a wettable powder (50% chlordecone) (Epstein 1978). Formulations of chlordecone commonly used for nonfood products were in the form of granules and dusts containing 5% or 10% active ingredient (Epstein 1978). Other formulations of chlordecone contained the following percentages of active ingredient 0.125% (used in the United States in ant and roach traps), 5% (exported for banana and potato dusting), 25% (used in the United States in ant and roach bait), 50% (used to control mole crickets in Florida), and 90% (exported to Europe for conversion to kelevan for use on Colorado potato beetles in eastern European countries) (Epstein 1978). 

Rate of mucociliary clearance - Concentration of active ingredient - Type of dosage form (liquid, aerosol, powder)... 

PEG-Intron PEG-Intron is used for the treatment of hepatitis C. The product consists of a covalent conjugate of the recombinant interferon- -2b with monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (PEG) supplied in vials with 74/rg, 118.4/rg, 177.6/rg, or 222/rg of the active ingredient and 1.11 mg sodium phosphate (dibasic,anhydrous),l.ll mg sodium phosphate (monobasic, dihydrate), 59.2 mg sucrose, and 0.074mg polysorbate 80. The powder is reconstituted with sterile water-for-injection. 

The concentrations of the active ingredients as reported from the manufacturer s label are 37% acetaminophen, 37% aspirin, and 10 % caffeine. The remainder of the tablet mass represents the excipient (binder, disintegrant, and lubricant) materials. Pure acetaminophen, aspirin and caffeine samples are obtained in either tablet form or powder compact and used to obtain reference specua of pure components. 

S. Lonardi, R. Viviani, L. Mosconi, et al., Dmg analysis by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Determination of the active ingredient and water content in antibiotic powders, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 7, 303-308 (1989). 

---