Cold wave neutralizers

Neutralizing Lotion. The principal active ingredient of cold wave neutralizers is usually an oxidizing agent. The most popular is hydrogen peroxide [7722-84-1J, employed at a concentration of 1—2% it continues to find widespread use. Aqueous solutions of sodium bromate [7789-38-0] at a concentration of 10—20% occasionally are used and are technically preferred over the peroxide formulations because of excellent stabiUty and absence of hair bleaching. Neutralizing powders appear to be on the decline but formulations stiU in use consist of sodium perborate [7632-04-4] combined with hexametaphosphates to improve solubiUty in hard water. 

Outstanding thickener and emulsifier. A broad range of compatibility allows its use in cold wave neutralizers, vegetable oil emulsions, conditioning shampoos and conditioning mousses. 

Cold wave neutralizers Potassium bromate and sodium perborate (qualitative assay)... 

Uses Thickener, emulsifier for personal care prods, incl. cold wave neutralizers, veg. oil emulsions, conditioning shampoos and mousses Properties Solid 100% cone. 

Among the product bases whose pH usually lies outside the neutral range are acid and alkaline household cleaners cold wave lotions, hair straighteners, and depilatories (alkaline, pH > 10) and antiperspirants (acid, pH < 5). Fabric softeners are acidic, with pH values between 3 and 5. Machine dishwashing detergent powders are alkaline and contain perborates, which are oxidizing agents. 

Bromate salts are extremely toxic they are capable of causing deafness and renal failure at doses between 240 and 500 mg kg Potassium bromate, also used as neutralizer in cold waves, is an extremely toxic compound that produces nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, deafness, acute renal failure, hypotension, CNS depression, and hemolysis. Both otic symptoms and renal impairment may be permanent. Primary tubular damage can progress to interstitial fibrosis and glomerular sclerosis. 

In the introduction to this chapter a combustion wave was considered to be propagating in a tube. When the cold premixed gases flow in a direction opposite to the wave propagation and travel at a velocity equal to the propagation velocity (i.e., the laminar flame speed), the wave (flame) becomes stationary with respect to the containing tube. Such a flame would possess only neutral stability, and its actual position would drift [1], If the velocity of the unbumed mixture is increased, the flame will leave the tube and, in most cases, fix itself... 

Place a drop of the neutral or acetic acid test solution upon nickel dimethylglyoxime paper, and almost dry by waving over a flame. Immerse the paper in dilute hydrochloric acid until the surface surrounding the fleck becomes white, and then wash the paper with cold water. A pink to red spot remains, depending upon the quantity of palladium present. The acid-stable palladium dimethylglyoxime at the site of the fleck protects the underlying red nickel dimethylglyoxime from attack by the acid. 

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