Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer Materials

Thermoplastic polyurethanes and polyester/polyethers are polar materials thus, their use in polymer blending usually is limited to blends with other polar polymers such as PVC, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS), and polyesters. However, at this time polymer blending is a fairly small market for these polymers. 

The term acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) is used very broadly to define an important class of thermoplastic materials of which there are many different grades. These materials are used extensively in electrical a pliances, in the building and construction industries and in automotive componoits. Certain grades of ABS also find use as toughening agents in blends with other polymers, for example polycarbonates and polyamides (see Sections 19.8 and 19.9.3). 

Blending two or more polymers offers yet another method of tailoring resins to a specific application. Because blends are only physical mixtures, the resulting polymer usually has physical and mechanical properties that lie somewhere between the values of its constiment materials. For instance, an automotive bumper made from a blend of PC resin and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer gains rigidity from the PC resin and retains most of the flexibility and paintability of the polyurethane elastomer. For business machine housings, a blend of PC and ABS (acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene copolymer) resins offers the enhanced performance of PC flame retar-dance and ultraviolet (UV) stability at a lower cost. 

The battery container material has shifted to ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) and PP (polypropylene) resin from the wood or ebonite, to attain smaller and lighter battery design [1]. 

Most polymers used today are thermoplastics. Poiypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS) often find application as low-end consumer items, packaging or others. Technical parts are produced mostly from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-copolymer (ABS), polyamide (PA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyether sulfone (PES), polycarbonate (PC), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), or polyimide (PI). Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a material often used in building construction, especially for roofing membranes, window frames, and pipes, and its properties (rigid or flexible) are generally modified by additives. 

Friction coefficient of material depends on surface properties of other material in contact." " Static coefficient of friction was 0.36, 0.31, 0.4, 0.54 between steel and polypropylene, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, and polyamide 6, respectively (respective kinetic coefficients of fiiction were 0.26, 0.38, 0.27, 0.37). 

Blending of PVC with TPU (mostly of the PESBU type) started already in the 1960s. Binary and ternary (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), PA, or acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) as the third component) blends were developed for extrusion processing (cable and wire insulation, packaging). Such blends proved to be useful antislip shoesole materials, as well [87]. 

Two commercially significant graft copolymers are acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene (ABS) resins and impact polystyrene (IPS) plastics. Both of these families of materials were once simple mechanical polymer blends, but today such compositions are generally graft copolymers or blends of graft copolymers and homopolymers. 

Besides the MBS materials, related terpolymers have been prepared. These include materials prepared by terpolymerising methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and styrene in the presence of polybutadiene (Toyolac, Hamano 500) methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and styrene in the presence of a butadiene-methyl methacrylate copolymer (XT Resin), and methylacrylate, styrene and acrylonitrile on to a butadiene-styrene copolymer. 

An important class of copolymers made by chain copolymerisation is graft copolymers, synthesized in order to toughen brittle materials through inclusion of a rubber phase. Examples are the cases of styrenic copolymers called "HIPS" for High-Impact Polystyrene and ABS for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene. Both are synthesized in two steps. 

Another widely used copolymer is high impact polystyrene (PS-HI), which is formed by grafting polystyrene to polybutadiene. Again, if styrene and butadiene are randomly copolymerized, the resulting material is an elastomer called styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR). Another classic example of copolymerization is the terpolymer acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). Polymer blends belong to another family of polymeric materials which are made by mixing or blending two or more polymers to enhance the physical properties of each individual component. Common polymer blends include PP-PC, PVC-ABS, PE-PTFE and PC-ABS. 

In regard to linear copolymers, the most common ones are ethylene-propylene, styrene-butadiene, acrylonitrile-butadiene, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene [195], These materials are... 

When the continuous phase is formed by a copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile, then one obtains a material known as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). The acrylonitrile part improves the stresscrack resistance of the polymer. 

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and acrylonitrile-styrene-acry- late (ASA) are rubber-toughened plastics based upon the styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymer matrix. The combination of the stiffness and toughness exhibited by these materials has made them increasingly attractive in engineering applications, and the activity of the patent literature testifies to a continuing interest in improving properties through modifications of structure. The aim of this paper is to discuss a quantitative approach to structure-property relationships in ABS and ASA polymers. 

Styrenic copolymers are materials capable of thermoplastic processing which, in addition to styrene (S), also contain at least one other monomer in the main polymer chain. Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers are the most important representative and basic building blocks of the entire class of products. By adding rubbers to SAN either ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) or ASA (acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile) polymers are obtained depending on the type of rubber component employed. These two classes of products yield blends composed of ASA and polycarbonate (ASA -f PC) or ABS and polyamide (ABS -(- PA). 

Methods have been developed for the analysis of hydrocarbon polymers (e.g. styrene, butadiene and isoprene) by MALDI-TOF-MS, through the attachment of Ag(acac) to matrices of tran5-3-indoleacrylic acid or l,4-bis(2-(5-phenyloxazolyl))benzene . SUver-cationized molecular ions were produced for polymers of styrene, butadiene and isoprene up to mass 125,000 Da. For lower-mass styrene polymers, the resolved oligomer molecular ions provide information concerning the end group. This technique permits the analysis of many commercially important materials such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-methyl methacrylate and styrene-isoprene copolymers. The use of the salts of transition metals other than Ag, Cu or Pd as the cationizing agents fails to cationize polystyrenes in MALDI. The ability of MALDI to reduce metals to the oxidation state 4-1 is critically important to polystyrene cationization, as without this reduction MALDI tends to fail to form polystyrene-metal cations. Cu(acac)2 was used for the verification of the above . 

Cell Hardware. Cell jars are constructed almost exclusively of injection-molded plastics, which are resistant to the strong alkali electrolyte. The most generally used materials are modified styrenes or copolymers of styrene and acrylonitrile (SAN). Another material that has been found to increase shock resistance of cells is ABS plastic (acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene). All of these plastics can be injection-molded, are solvent-sealable and, in general, meet operating temperature ranges up to about 70°C. For applications that require greater resistance to temperature, some of the more recent plastics such as polysulfone and poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) injection-moldable materials able to withstand operating temperatures up to 150°C are used. 

In heterophase polymeric materials such as rubber modified polystyrene or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins, outstanding mechanical properties can be obtained only by regulating the dispersed rubber particle size and by achieving adhesion between the rubber and the resin phase. This can usually be achieved by adding block or graft copolymers, or by their formation in situ, as in industry. 

Acrylonitrile/Butadiene/Styrene (ABS) Acry-lonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) polymers are not true terpolymers. As HIPS they are multipolymer composite materials, also called polyblends. Continuous ABS is made by the copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile (SAN) in the presence of dissolved PB rubber. It is common to make further physical blends of ABS with different amounts of SAN copolymers to tailor product properties. Similar to the bulk continuous HIPS process, in the ABS process, high di-PB (>50%, >85% 1,4-addition) is dissolved in styrene monomer, or in the process solvent, and fed continuously to a CSTR where streams of AN monomer, recycled S/AN blends from the evaporator and separation stages, peroxide or azo initiators, antioxidants and additives are continuously metered according to the required mass balance to keep the copolymer composition constant over time at steady state. 

Unplasticized PVC present some processing difficulties due to its high melt viscosity in addition, the finished product is too brittle for some applications. To overcome these problems and to produce toughening, certain polymeric additives are usually added to the PVC. These materials, known as impact modifiers, are generally semicompatible and often some what rubbery in nature [14]. Among the most important impact modifiers in use today are butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers (nitrile rubber), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) graft terpolymers, methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) terpo-lymers, chlorinated polyethylene, and some polyacrylates. 

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