Acrylic plastics nitrile resins

D. AN is used in the manufacture of acrylic and modiacrylic fibers, acrylic plastics and resins, speciality polymers, nitrile rubbers, and other organic chemicals. It has also been used as a fumigant. 

Acrylonitrile resembles VC, a carcinogen, in structure. It is a flammable, explosive liquid (b.p. 77 C, V.P. 80 mm at 20°C). AN is a component of acrylic and modacrylic fibers produced by copolymerization with other monomers, e.g., with methyl acrylate, Me-methacrylate, vinyl acetate, VC and VDC. Other major uses of AN include copolymerizations with butadiene and styrene to produce ABS polymers, and with styrene to yield SAN resins which are used in the manufacture of plastics. Nitrile elastomers and latexes are also made with AN, as are a number of other chemicals, e.g. acrylamide and adiponitrile. Acrylonitrile is also used as a fumigant. 

Virtually all thermoplastics and some thermoset most common are commodity plastics such as PVC, PE, PP, and PS others include ABS, nylon, cellulosics, acrylics Several thermoplastics with PE (particularly ND, PE) having the largest volume others include PVC, PP, PS, ABS, acrylics, nylons, acrylonitrile, acetates, and PC PE, (highest volume) PP, PVC together account for almost all plastics used others include a number of engineering thermoplastics, including ABS, acetal copolymers, nylon (6 and 11), polycarbonate Almost all thermoplastics but most commonly used include ABS, PP, PS, PVC polyesters others include acrylics, polycarbonate, cellulosic, nitrile resins... 

Common operations in which exposure to acrylonitrile is likely to occur include the following Manufacture of the acrylonitrile monomer synthesis of acrylic fibers, ABS, SAN, and nitrile barrier plastics and resins, nitrile rubber, surface coatings, specialty chemicals, use as a chemical intermediate, use as a fumigant and in the cyanoethyla-tion of cotton. 

Acrylonitrile is currently the second largest outlet for propylene (after polypropylene). It is used as a monomer for synthetic fibers and acrylic plastics (thermoplastics and food packaging mainly), AS (acrylonitrile-styrene) resins, and ABS (aerylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) thermoplastics, as well as in the synthesis of acrylamide, adiponitrile, and nitrile elastomers. The manufacture of acrylonitrile is exclusively based on the one-step propylene ammoxidation process. Originally developed by Sohio, Standard Oil Company (now part of BP America), the conventional method used since 1957 employs a fluidized-bed reactor and multicomponent catalysts based on Mo-containing mixed-metal oxides. Over the years, the industrial... 

Acrylonitrile (Chapters 18,19,21, and 22), used in the manufacture of acrylic and modacrylic fibers, plastics and resins, and nitrile rubbers or elastomers. 

The primary use of acrylonitrile is as the raw material for the manufacture of acrylic and modacrylic fibers. Other Major uses include the production of plastics (acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene (ABS) and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), nitrile rubbers, nitrile barrier resins, adiponitrile and acrylamide (EPA 1984). 

Pure polyvinyl chloride alone It a rigid plastic of high volume resistivity. Addition of monomeric liquid plasticizer makes It flexible but lowers volume resistivity seriously. This loss of volume resistivity was not prevented by pre-purification of commercial resin and plasticizer, though It could be worsened by addition of Ionic soluble Impurities. Volume resistivity was surprisingly Increased by heat aging. It was not improved by use of polymeric liquid plasticizers, nor even, surprisingly, by use of nitrile rubber as plasticizer. Flexlblllzatlon without serious loss of volume resistivity was best achieved by internal plasticization by copolymerization with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. Further studies are needed to explain these observations and to optimize the use of Internal plasticization In this way. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) AI3-17104 BRN 2302822 CCRIS 7052 Di-(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate EINECS 229-176-9 HSDB 6150 Kodaflex DOTP Terephthalic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester. Plasticizer used with PVC resins, in PVC plastisols, rubber application including wire coatings, ajtomotive and furniture upholstery compatible with acrylics, CAB, cellulose nitrate, polyvinyl butyral, styrene, oxidizing alkyds, nitrile rubber. Solid mp = 30-34° bp = 400 d = 0.980. Eastman Chem. Co. 

Nitrile polymers used for the manufacture of adhesives generally contain 25% or more acrylonitrile, but in the base polymer the acrylonitrile content can vary from 15% to 50%. Increasing the acrylonitrile content improves the oil and plasticizer resistance and increases the polarity of the compound. However, higher levels of acrylonitrile also increase the hardness and modulus of the polymer, reducing the elasticity of the resulting polymer. Nitrile rubber can be produced by a cold (5°C) or hot (25-50°C) process, with most adhesive polymers produced by the hot process which induces more chain branching. Nitriles can be combined with other monomers in solution polymerization which increases functionality and improves compatibility with other reactive resins like acrylics, epoxies, and polyurethanes. 

Uses Intemiediate for acrylic latexes and S/B latexes for paper coatings, carpetbackings, nonwoven textiles, adhesives, and paints reactive comonomer for acrylic, S/B, PVAc, nitrile latexes prep, of acrylic fibers copolymerization of nylon (caprolactam base), resins, plasticizers, interm iates, paper additives aluminum anodizing reagent lube oil additive in food-contact paper/paperboard in food-pkg. adhesives natural food acid (Japan) in cellophane for food pkg. 

Triallylcyanurate comonomer, high temp, plastics Hydroxyethyl-s-triazine comonomer, high-performance resin m-Phenylenedimaleimide comonomer, hydrophobic acrylics N-t-Octylacrylamide comonomer, ionomeric polymers Sodium vinyl sulfonate comonomer, melamine-formaldehyde resins Guanidine carbonate comonomer, monomer polymerization 4-Vinylcyclohexene comonomer, nitrile rubber m-Divinylbenzene Vinylidene chloride monomer... 

A large mrmber of polymeric materials are involved in a web coating. These include poly-virtylchloride, polyurethanes (thermoplastic and thermoset solvent-based and water-based), natural, nitrile, chloroprene, and ethylene-propylene rabbers, silicones, polyethylene (chlorinated and chlorositifonated), polyamide, polyester, acrylic resins, polyvinylal-cohol, polytetrafluroethylene, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as the main matrix polymers of coating compositions. Most of these polymers are not plasticized or seldom... 

Nitrile rubber is used preferably for contact adhesives with improved plasticizer resistance. Polyisobutylene is used in pressure-sensitive adhesives. Butyl rubber is sometimes added to pressure-sensitive and hot-melt adhesives, although it is mainly used in sealing compounds. Epoxy resins and reactive (meth)acrylate adhesives (reactive adhesives) are modified with polychloroprene, butyl, and nitrile rubber. Chlorinated rubber is added in small quantities to contact adhesives and also to rubber-to-metal bonding agents for improving the adhesion properties. 

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