Acrylic glues

With a 5 cm piece of polyethylene tubing (0.75x1.45 mm), the two long ends of the L-shaped stainless steel adapters are connected and the short ends inserted into the respective cannulas. The cannulas together with the tubing are fixed to the skull with acrylic glue flowing under the heads of the screws. 

Cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) is a tissue adhesive used in duraplasty. The sites at which it is used should be carefully chosen. Cyanoacrylates are also in use for embolization of arteriovenous malformations in the brain. The risk of this procedure is the creation of pulmonary emboli after acrylate glue injection, particularly when delivery systems without flow arrest are used in high-flow vascular brain lesions. Techniques using acetic acid to delay polymerization time and sandwich techniques, in which glue is pushed with dextrose, appear to be more likely to cause this complication (1). 

Gandini R, Spinelli A, Konda D et al. (2004) Superselective embolization in posttraumatic priapism with Glubran 2 acrylic glue. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 27 544-548... 

Acrylic glues used in the construction industry did not contain acrylics (detection limit 0.005%) (Table 5). The main component of the anaerobic glues was TREGDMA. DEGDMA or 2-HPMA were used as reactive diluents. Undeclared 2-HPMA was present (at 7.6%) in one glue (Product 55). 

Cyanoacrylates are among the most common ingredients of acrylate glues (Loctite is a well-known brand example). Eyelid eczema, nummular eczema on the hands and periungual dermatitis are typical features of allergic contact dermatitis caused by cyanoacrylate... 

Rotondano G, Viola M, Orsini L, et al. Uncommon cause of early postoperative colonic fistula successfully treated with endoscopic acrylate glue injection. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008 67 183-186. 

The medium is the binder which provides for the adhesion of pigments. The most important types are the temper media (glue, egg, and gum), the oils, and wax. In addition, for wall painting there is the tme fresco technique, where the pigments are laid down in a fresh, wet plaster preparation layer. Several other media have been used, but much less frequendy, eg, casein temper. In modem paints, a number of synthetic resins are used for this purpose. Contemporary artist paints are often based on acryhc polymers (see Acrylic ester polymers Paints). 

In addition to poly(methyl methacrylate) plastics and polyacrylonitrile fibres, acrylic polymers find widespread use. First introduced in 1946, acrylic rubbers have become established as important special purpose rubbers with a useful combination of oil and heat resistance. Acrylic paints have become widely accepted particularly in the car industry whilst very interesting reactive adhesives, including the well-known super-glues are also made from acrylic polymers. 

Acrylic adhesives cure by a free radical chain growth mechanism. In contrast, epoxy and urethane adhesives cure by a step growth mechanism. This has a major impact on the cure kinetics, as well as the composition of the adhesive during cure ([9], pp. 6-9). Cyanoacrylate adhesives (such as Super Glue ) also cure by chain growth, but the mechanism is ionic with initiation by surface moisture. 

Hairspray is formulated to hold hair in place and keep it shiny, without flaking off, without failing, even in humid conditions. Yet it must retain the ability to be washed out of the hair easily for at least forty-eight hours, and it must not clog the spray can s nozzle. Complex polymers are needed to perform all of these tasks well. The basic building blocks of these polymers are the same ones found in acrylic paints and white glue. But they are put together in a different way. 

Acrylics are used in floor polish, hairsprays, latex paints, and glues as well as plastic items and packaging. 

The propylene equivalent of polyethylene is polypropylene. About 50% of the chemical use of propylene is directed to that use. Other major applications are the manufacture of propylene oxide, isopropyl alcohol, cumene, 0X0 alcohols, acrylic acids, and acrylonitrile. The consumer products you are familiar with show up everywhere carpets, rope, clothing, plastics in automobiles, appliances, toys, rubbing alcohol, paints, and epoxy glue. 

Biocompatible acrylic cements have been widely employed to combat slippage or complete failure between the tissue and the polymer(l8). These glues are said to be safe in specified amounts but the monomers are toxic and if excessive quantities are used over a period of time many undesirable side effects may arise. The... 

Polymers are very large molecules made up of repeating units. A majority of the compounds produced by the chemical industry are ultimately used to prepare polymers. These human-made or synthetic polymers are the plastics (polyethylene, polystyrene), the adhesives (epoxy glue), the paints (acrylics), and the fibers (polyester, nylon) that we encounter many times each day. It is difficult to picture our lives without these materials. In addition to these synthetic polymers, natural polymers such as wood, rubber, cotton, and wool are all around us. And, of course, life itself depends on polymers such as carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA. This chapter discusses synthetic polymers. Naturally occurring polymers are presented in Chapters 25, 26, and 27. 

Much of the information about the harmful effects of organic solvents comes from studies of industrial exposure, although toluene abuse through sniffing of glues and other household sources of solvents (acrylic paints, adhesive cements, aerosol paints, lacquer thinners, shoe polish, typewriter correction fluids, varnishes, and fuels) has also been widely reported. 

Most vinyl acetate is converted into polyvinyl acetate (PVA) which is used in the manufacture of dispersions for paints and binders and as a raw material for paints. It is also copolymerized with vinyl chloride and ethylene and to a lesser extent with acrylic esters. A substantial proportion of vinyl acetate is converted into polyvinyl alcohol by saponification or transesterification of polyvinyl acetate. The main applications for polyvinyl alcohol are either as raw material for adhesives or for fibres. It is also employed in textile finishing and paper glueing, and as a dispersion agent (protective colloid). The world production capacity of PVA was 4.35 Mt/a in 2005, of which 2.1 Mt were converted into polyvinyl alcohol. 

Cyanoacrylate adhesives (Super-Glues) are materials which rapidly polymerize at room temperature. The standard monomer for a cyanoacrylate adhesive is ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate /7085-85-0], which readily undergoes anionic polymerization. Very rapid cure of these materials has made them widely used in the electronics industry for speaker magnet mounting, as well as for wire tacking and other applications requiring rapid assembly. Anionic polymerization of a cyanoacrylate adhesive is normally initiated by water. Therefore, atmospheric humidity or the surface moisture content must be at a certain level for polymerization to take place. These adhesives are not cross-linked as are the surface-activated acrylics. Rather, the cyanoacrylate material is a thermoplastic, and thus, the adhesives typically have poor temperature resistance. 

CYANON 5MSP CYANON S DA 737S 910EM ETHYL a-CYANOACRYLATE ETHYL 2-CYANO-ACRYLATE ETHYL 2-CYANO-2-PROPENOATE N 135 2-PROPENOIC ACID, 2-CYANO-, ETHYL ESTER PTR-E 3 PTR-E 40 SICOMET 8400 SUPER 3-1000 SUPER GLUE TK 200 TK 201... 

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