Acid lipase

Elner, VM, 2002. Retinal pigment epithelial acid lipase activity and lipoprotein receptors Effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 100, 301-338. 

Hydrolysis of triacylglycerides in tissues is effected by a tissue enzyme, tri-acylglyceride lipase, which hydrolyzes triacylglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. There are a variety of tissue lipases that differ primarily in their optimum pH and their location in the cell. The acidic lipase is contained in lysosomes the basic lipase, in microsomes and the neutral lipase, in cytoplasm. A specific feature of the tissue lipase is its sensitivity to hormones which, by activating adenylate cyclase, elicit the transition of the inactive tissue lipase to its active... 

Ikeda, S., Nikaido, K., Araki, F K. et al. (2004) Production of recombinant human lysosomal acid lipase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. development of a fed-batch fermentation and purification process. Journal of... 

Wolman s disease Cholesterol ester storage disease Acid lipase Cholesterol ester... 

Ulmus campestris L. U. macrocarpa Hance U. pumila L. Yu Bai Pi (Siberian elm, Chinese elm) (leaf) Butyric acid, capric acid, lipase, hexylenaldehyde, phlobaphene, phytosterol, sitosterol.50 For urinary calculi, diuretic, febrifuge. 

Linolein Linolenic acid Linoleyl acetate Linolic acid Lipase... 

Lamberet, G. and Menassa, A. 1983. Purification and properties of an acid lipase from Penicillin roqueforti J. Dairy Res. 50, 459-468. 

Optically Active Acids ami Esters. Enannoselcctive hydrolysis of esters of simple alcohols is a common method for the production of pure enantiomers of esters or Ihe corresponding acids. Lipases, esterases, and proteases accept a wide variety of esters and convert them to the corresponding acids, often in a highly cnantiosclectivc manner. Lipasc-cutulyzed kinetic resolutions are often practical for the preparation of optically active pharmaceuticals. 

Nakamura et al. (1986) Batch Esterification of triolein using stearic acid Lipase from Rhizopus delemar... 

Erickson et al. (1990) Batch Esterification of triolein with palmitic acid Lipases from Rhizopus arrhizius and Mucor miehei... 

Capewell et al. (1992) Batch Hydrolysis, esterification, and transesterification of p-hydroxycarbonic esters and acids Lipase PS... 

Liang et al. (1998) Continuous Inter-esterification of palm oil by stearic acid Lipase from Mucor miehei... 

Tsitsimpikou et al. (1998) Batch Acylation of glucose with lauric acid Lipases from Mucor miehei and Candida antarctica... 

Another example is acid lipase disease, which occurs when the enzyme acid lipase, needed to break down fats, is lacking or missing. The result is a toxic buildup of these fats in cells and tissues. These fatty substances are lipids and include waxes, oils, and cholesterol. 

Wolman Acid lipase Cholesterol esters Hepatosplenomegaly, steatorrhea, GI Mouse Ad IV (Du et al., 2002)... 

Du, H., Heur, M., Witte, D. P., Ameis, D. and Grabowski, G. A. (2002). Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency Correction of lipid storage by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in mice. Hum. Gene Ther. 13, 1361-1372. 

Both IDL and LDL can be removed from the circulation by the liver, which contains receptors for ApoE (IDL) and ApoB-100 (IDL and LDL). After IDL or LDL interacts with these receptors, they are internalized by the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Receptors for ApoB-100 are also present in peripheral tissues, so that clearance of LDL occurs one-half by the liver and one-half by other tissues. In the liver or other cells, LDL is degraded to cholesterol esters and its other component parts. Cholesterol esters are hydrolyzed by an acid lipase and may be used for cellular needs, such as the building of plasma membranes or bile salt synthesis, or they may be stored as such. Esterification of intracellular cholesterol by fatty acids is carried out by acyl-CoA-cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). Free cholesterol derived from LDL inhibits the biosynthesis of endogenous cholesterol. B-100 receptors are regulated by endogenous cholesterol levels. The higher the latter, the fewer ApoB-100 receptors are on the cell surface, and the less LDL uptake by cells takes place. 

Cholesterol esters Wolman disease, CESD (cholesterol ester storage disease) Acid lipase 10q23.2-q23.3... 

These vesicles, containing LDL, subsequently fuse with lysosomes, acidic vesicles that carry a wide array of degradative enzymes. The protein component of the LDL is hydrolyzed to free amino acids. The cholesteryl esters in the LDL are hydrolyzed by a lysosomal acid lipase. The LDL receptor itself usually returns unscathed to the plasma membrane. The round-trip time for a receptor is about 10 minutes in its lifetime of about a day, it may bring many LDL particles into the cell. 

Hydroxyalkyl and Epoxyalkyl Acids. Lipase-catalysed acylation of ethyl(l-hydroxyalkyl)phenylphosphinates (249) and (250) afforded a single diastereoisomer of the corresponding acetates (251) in high enantiomeric excess (>98%) (Figure 46). °... 

Abbreviations GcL, Geotrichum candidum lipase hPL, human pancreatic lipase RmL, Rhizomucor miehei lipase hHL, human hepatic lipase hLPL, human lipoprotein lipase hLAL, human lysosomal acid lipase hGL, human gastric lipase BAL, bile salt-activated lipase HSL, hormone-sensitive lipase CLP, colipase AChE, Torpedo cal omica acetylcholinesterase cDNA, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein IDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein HDL, high-density lipoprotein apoC-II, apolipoprotein C-II. 

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