Acid hydrolyzed proteins

Table X. Amino Acid Compositions of Acid Hydrolyzed Protein Fractions from DMSO and Aqueous Extracts of Pondweed and Water Spinach3...

P Felker. A gas-liquid chromatographic-isotope dilution analysis of cysteine, histidine, and tryptophan in acid-hydrolyzed protein. Anal Biochem 76 192-213, 1976. 

Acid-Hydrolyzed Proteins Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein (HVP) Hydrolyzed Plant Protein (HPP) Hydrolyzed (Source) Protein Extract Acid-Hydrolyzed Milk Protein... 

Acid Calcium Phosphate, 68, (Sl)9, (S2)4 Acid Ferric Sulfate TS, 852 Acid Hydrolysates of Proteins, 13, (Sl)l Acid-Hydrolyzed Milk Protein, 13, (Sl)l Acid-Hydrolyzed Proteins, 13, (Sl)l Acidified Sodium Chlorite Solutions, (S3)3... 

Cyclodextrin p-Cyclodextrin Dextrin EO/PO block polymer or copolymer Ethyl maltol Ferrous sulfate anhydrous Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate Fructose a-Galactosidase Garlic (Allium sativum) extract Hexane Hydrochloric acid Hydrolyzed protein Iron Kaolin... 

Although the results are consistent with a B-elimination reaction leading to formation of dehydroalanine, the conclusions are based on the assumption that the absorbance at 241 nm is associated with dehydroalanine side chains derived from cystine residues. This assumption may not always be justified for the following reasons. First, alkali treatment of casein which has very few or no disulfide bonds also yields significant amounts of dehydroalanine residues (52). These presumably arise from serine side chains. Second, Nashef et al. (41) cite evidence that other functionalities may contribute to the 241 nm absorption. These considerations suggest that there is a need to directly measure dehydroalanine in proteins. This is now possible with our method (52), whereby the dehydroalanine residues are first transformed to S-pyridylethyl side chains by reaction with 2-mercaptopyridine (Figure 12). Amino acid analysis of the acid-hydrolyzed protein permits estimation of the dehydroalanine content as S-B-(2-pyridylethyl)-L-cysteine along with the other amino acids. 

Hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride. See Polymaleic acid Hydrolyzed protein... 

Freshly prepared aluminum subacetate is also used to cross-link acid-hydrolyzed, coUagen-derived protein. This procedure is useful in the food, pharmaceutical, and photographic industries (11). 

Carboline derivatives in various oxidation states have been isolated from a number of natural sources as artifacts. )3-Carboline has been obtained from charred insects, j8-carboline and l-methyl-)3-carboline have been found in cigarette smoke,and the formation of tetrahydro-j8-carboline derivatives has been shown to be responsible for the destruction of tryptophan in acid hydrolyzates of proteins. The golden-yeUow fluorescence observed when enterochromaffin cells are flxed in formaldehyde has been related to their content of... 

Glutamates can be produced by fermentation of starches or sugars, but also by breaking the bonds between amino acids in proteins, leaving free amino acids. This process is done by heat or by enzymes it is called hydrolyzing, because the bonds are broken by adding water. 

The boiling acid solution hydrolyzes protein material that otherwise greatly retards filtration. 

In general, the mechanism of heat and alkaline solution for DNA extraction may be based upon a hypothesis, previously proposed for the AR technique.32 Strong alkaline solution may denature and hydrolyze proteins, resulting in breaking cell and nuclear membranes as well as disrupting cross-linkages due to formalin fixation. It is no surprise to observe the similarity between retrieval of nucleic acid and retrieval of protein (antigen) based on a similar chemical reaction of formaldehyde with these two kinds of macromolecules (Fig. 3.1).15"19... 

Mixing of liquid medications with EN formulations can cause physical incompatibilities that inhibit drug absorption and clog small-bore feeding tubes. Incompatibility is more common with formulations containing intact (vs. hydrolyzed) protein and medications formulated as acidic... 

A D Aniello, L Petrucelli, C Gardner, G Fisher. Improved method for hydrolyzing proteins and peptides without inducing racemization and for determining their true D-amino acid content. Anal Biochem 213, 290, 1993. 

Pharmacokinetics Absorbed through the cornea and hydrolyzed to the active free acid form. Protein binding 88%. Moderately distributed into body tissues. Metabolized in liver. Primarily excreted in urine some elimination in feces. Half-life 45 min. 

Proteins with molecular weights in the millions are the major constituents of all living cells. Simple proteins are hydrolyzed only to amino acids. Coqjugated proteins are hydrolyzed to amino acids and nonpeptide substances known as prosthetic groups. These prosthetic groups include nucleic acids of nucieoproteins, carbohydrates of glycoproteins, pigments (such as hemin and chiorophyli) of chromoproteins, and fats or lipids of lipoproteins. 

Often, treatment of samples with fluorescence labeling agent reacts with primary and secondary amines to give a fluorescent compound. This is especially important for detecting amino acids in protein hydrolyzates. Fluorescence detectors may also be integrated into a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system. 

As hormone-sensitive lipase hydrolyzes triacylglyc-erol in adipocytes, the fatty acids thus released (free fatty acids, FFA) pass from the adipocyte into the blood, where they bind to the blood protein serum albumin. This protein (Mv 66,000), which makes up about half of the total serum protein, noncovalently binds as many as 10 fatty acids per protein monomer. Bound to this soluble protein, the otherwise insoluble fatty acids are carried to tissues such as skeletal muscle, heart, and renal cortex. In these target tissues, fatty acids dissociate from albumin and are moved by plasma membrane transporters into cells to serve as fuel. 

Hydrochloric acid Stomach acid is too dilute (pH 2 to 3) to hydrolyze proteins. The acid functions instead to kill some bacte ria and to denature proteins, thus making them more susceptible to subsequent hydrolysis by proteases. 

Fatty Add-Peptide Condensates. These protein deteigents are reaction products of fatty acid chlorides and hydrolyzed proteins. They are used in shampoos because of their mildness on skin, hair, and to eyes when used alone or in combination with alkyl surfactants (8). 

Many enzymes are named by adding the suffix -ase to a word, or words, descriptive of the type of enzymatic activity. Thus, esterases hydrolyze esters, proteinoses hydrolyze proteins, reductases achieve reductions, and synthetases achieve syntheses of polypeptide chains, nucleic acid chains, and other molecules. 

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