Acetal homopolymer. See

Poly(vinyl alcohol) used to manufacture the poly(vinyl acetal)s is made from poly(vinyl acetate) homopolymer (see Vinyl polymers, vinyl alcohol polymers Vinyl POLYMERS, vinyl acetate polymers). Hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate) homopolymer produces a polyol with predominandy 1,3-glycol units. The polyol also contains up to 2 wt % 1,2-glycol units that come from head-to-head bonding during the polymeri2ation of vinyl acetate monomer. Poly(vinyl acetate) hydrolysis is seldom complete, and for some appHcations, not desired. For example, commercial PVF resins may contain up to 13 wt % unhydroly2ed poly(vinyl acetate). Residual vinyl acetate units on the polymer help improve resin solubiHty and processibiHty (15). On the other hand, the poly(vinyl alcohol) preferred for commercial PVB resins has less than 3 wt % residual poly(vinyl acetate) units on the polymer chain. 

Ethenyl acetate. See Vinyl acetate Ethenyl acetate, homopolymer. See Polyvinyl acetate Ethenylhenzene. See Styrene Ethenylbenzene homopolymer. See Polystyrene Ethenylhenzene polymer with 1,3-butadiene. See Styrene/butadiene polymer... 

Vinyl acetate homopolymer. See Polyvinyl acetate Vinyl acetate, inhibited Vinyl acetate monomer. See Vinyl acetate Vin acetate polymer Vinyl acetate resin. See Polyvinyl acetate Vin acetate/rnnj chloride copolymer Vinyl acetate/vinyl chloride polymer. SeeVin chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer... 

Ethenyl acetate. See Vinyl acetate Ethenyl acetate, homopolymer. See Polyvinyl, acetate... 

Ethenediyl) bis(5-(4-(ethylamino)-6-(phenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino) benzenesulfonic acid, disodium salt. See Disodium bisethylphenyl triaminotriazine stilbenedisulfonate Ethene, homopolymer. See Polyethylene Ethene, homopolymer, oxidized. See Polyethylene, oxidized Ethene oxide. See Ethylene oxide Ethene polymer. See Polyethylene Ethenol homopolymer. See Polyvinyl alcohol Ethenyl acetate, homopolymer. See Polyvinyl acetate Ethenylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, homopolymer 4-Ethenylbenzene-sulfonic acid sodium salt, homopolymer. See Sodium polystyrene sulfonate 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone. See N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone l-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer. See PVP... 

The industrial synthesis of polyformaldehyde [poly(oxymethylene)] occurs by anionic polymerization of formaldehyde in suspension. For this the purification and handling of monomeric formaldehyde is of special importance since it tends to form solid paraformaldehyde. After the polymerization the semiacetal end groups have to be protected in order to avoid thermal depolymerization (Example 5-13). This is achieved by esterfication with acetic anhydride (see Example 5-7). As in the case of trioxane copolymers (see Sect. 3.2.3.2) the homopolymers of formaldehyde find application as engineering plastics. 

Finally, it should be mentioned that there exist two other routes for the synthesis of copolymers. First the partial chemical conversion of homopolymers (see Sect. 5.1), for example, the partial hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate). Secondly, by homopolymerization of correspondingly built monomers. An example for these macromolecular compounds, sometimes called pseudo-copolymers, is the alternating copolymer of formaldehyde and ethylene oxide synthesized by ringopening polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane. 

ACETIC ACID, ETHENYL ESTER see EU250 ACETIC ACID ETHENYL ESTER HOMOPOLYMER see AAX250... 

ETHENOL HOMOPOLYMER (9CI) see PKP750 ETHENONE see KEUOOO ETHENYL ACETATE see Y7LU250 ETHENYLBENZENE see SMQOOO ETHENYLBENZENE HOMOPOLYMER see SMQ500 ETHENYLBENZENE POLYMER with 1,3-BUTADIENE see SMROOO... 

Except for the acetic acid peak, the pyrogram of poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate) is very similar to that of poly(vinyl chloride). However, this is easily explained by the fact that both poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(vinyl acetate) homopolymers have a similar pyrolysis mechanism, with the elimination of side chain groups and formation of double bonds along the polymeric backbone. After the acetic acid and/or HCI elimination the remaining polymeric structure undergoes the same process of formation of unsaturated and aromatic molecules. This explains the presence of a number of aromatic compounds that are identical in the pyrolysate of the two homopolymers (see Section 6.5 for the pyrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate)). 

Chloroethene. See Vinyl chloride 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Chloroethene homopolymer. See Polyvinyl chloride Chloroethylene. See Vinyl chloride Chloroethylene polymer. See Polyvinyl chloride Chloroethylenevinyl acetate polymer. See Vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer... 

Acetaldehyde ethyl phenylethyl acetal. See Acetaldehyde ethyl phenethyl acetal Acetaldehyde, homopolymer. See Metaldehyde Acetaldehyde, methylethyl-. See2-Methylbutyraldehyde Acetaldehyde phenethyl propyl acetal CAS 7493-57-4 EINECS/ELINCS 231-327-9 FEMA 2004... 

See Diammonium dithiodiglycolate Acetic acid, dodecyl ester. See Lauryl acetate Acetic acid, ester with 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxan-4-ol. See 6-Acetoxy-2,4-dimethyl-m-dioxane Acetic acid, esters with lanolin alcohols. See Acetylated lanolin alcohol Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids. See Acetylated mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids Acetic acid, ethenyl ester. See Vinyl acetate Acetic acid, ethenyl ester, homopolymer. See Polyvinyl acetate... 

Capron Nylon (Grafted Copolymers)] Capron Nylon (Homopolymers). See Nylon Capronaldehyde. See Hexanal Capronic acid. See Caproic acid Caproyl alcohol. See Hexyl alcohol n-Caproylaldehyde. See Hexanal Caproyl chloride. See Decanoyl chloride Capryl acetate. See Decyl acetate Capryl alcohol. See 2-Octanol Caprylaldehyde. See n-Octanal Caprylamine. See 1-Octanamine Capryl anthranilate. See Decyl anthranilate Capryl chloride. See Octyl chloride Capiyidinitrophenyl crotonate 2-Capryl-4,6-dinitrophenyl crotonate. See Dinocap... 

See Styrene/butadiene polymer Ethenylbenzene, polymer with 2-propenamide. See Styrene/acrylamide copolymer Ethenylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, homopolymer 4-Ethenylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, homopolymer. See Sodium polystyrene sulfonate 4-Ethenylcyclohexene 4-EthenyM -cyclohexene. See 4-Vinylcyclohexene Ethenyidimethoxymethylsilane. See Vinylmethyidimethoxysilane 1 -Ethenyl-1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl benzeneacetate. See Linalyl phenylacetate 1 -Ethenyl-1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate. See Linalyl cinnamate Ethenyl ethanoate. See Vinyl acetate 6-Ethenyl-6-(methoxyethoxy)-2,5,7,10-tetraoxa-6-silaundecane. SeeVinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy) silane... 

Hexane-1,6-dicarboxylic acid. See Suberic acid Hexane, 1,6-diisocyanato-, homopolymer. See Hexamethylene diisocyanate polymer Hexane, 1,1-dimethoxy-. SeeHexanal dimethyl acetal... 

Methyl Propasol . See Methoxyisopropanol Methyl Propasol Acetate. See Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate 2-Methylpropenamide. See Methacrylamide Methyl propenate. See Methyl acrylate Methylpropene 2-Methylpropene 2-Methyl-1-propene. See Isobutylene 2-Methyl-1-propene, homopolymer. See Polyisobutene... 

Polyacetald ehyde. See Metaldehyde Polyacetal homopolymer. See Acetal homopolymer... 

Polyoxymethylene glycols. See Formaldehyde Polyoxymethylene homopolymer. See Acetal... 

Tetrahydro-2-furancarbinol. See Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Tetrahydrofuran, compd. with carbonic acid. See Polyether-polycarbonate diol Tetrahydrofuran homopolymer. See Polytetramethylene ether glycol Tetrahydro-2-furanmethanol. See Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Tetrahydro-2-furanmethanol acetate. See Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate Tetrahydro-2-furanone. See Butyrolactone Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate CAS 637-64-9 EINECS/ELINCS 211-296-8 FEMA 3055... 

There were also attempts to calibrate the SEC columns with help of broad molar mass dispersity poplymers but this is less lehable. The most common and well credible SEC cahbration standards are linear polystyrenes, PS, which are prepared by the anionic polymerizatioa As indicated in section 11.7, according to lUPAC, the molar mass values determined by means of SEC based on PS calibration standards are to be designated polystyrene equivalent molar masses . Other common SEC calibrants are poly(methyl methaciylate)s, which are important for eluents that do not dissolve polystyrenes, such as hexafluoroisopropanol, further poly(ethylene oxide)s, poly(vinyl acetate)s, polyolefins, dextrans, pullulans, some proteins and few others. The situation is much more complicated with complex polymers such as copolymers. For example, block copolymers often contain their parent homopolymers (see sections 11.8.3, 11.8.6 and 11.9). The latter are hardly detectable by SEC, which is often apphed for copolymer characterization by the suppliers (compare Figure 16). Therefore, it is hardly appropriate to consider them standards. Molecules of statistical copolymers of the same both molar mass and overall chemical composition may well differ in their blockiness and therefore their coils may assume distinct size in solution. In the case of complex polymers and complex polymer systems, the researchers often seek support in other characterization methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance, matrix assisted desorption ionization mass spectrometry and like. 

Exterior door handles need the same kind of properties as mirror housings. Glass reinforced nylon is popular in Europe however glass reinforced PBT and polyarylamide are used for certain Ford, Peugeot and Volvo models, and acetal homopolymer for some truck cab handles (see Fig. 5.21). Initial... 

Internally Plasticized n When a product is synthesized from a reaction involving two or more raw materials, it may be said to be internally plasticized if one of the raw materials is able to confer plasticity or flexibility to it. In other words, the product is plasticized because it is build up from a component which is naturally plastic. For example, an oil-modified alkyd, in which phthalic anhydride and glycerol are combined with drying oil fatty acids, is internally plasticized by reason of the presence of the fatty acid component. If a congo varnish were made by interaction of run congo and linseed oil monoglyceride, it could be described as internally plasticized, in contrast to a varnish made by simple dissolution of run Congo in linseed oil, which would be externally plasticized. Also a polyvinyl acetate-acrylic copolymer is internally plasticized while a polyvinyl acetate homopolymer, into which a plasticizer has been stirred, is externally plasticized. See Internal Plasticizer. 

Acetic acid, ethenyl ester, homopolymer. See Polyvinyl acetate Acetic acid, ethenyl ester, polymer with ethene. See Ethylene/VA copolymer Acetic acid ethenyl ester, polymer with ethenol. See Polyvinyl alcohol (partially hydrolyzed)... 

The many commercially attractive properties of acetal resins are due in large part to the inherent high crystallinity of the base polymers. Values reported for percentage crystallinity (x ray, density) range from 60 to 77%. The lower values are typical of copolymer. Poly oxymethylene most commonly crystallizes in a hexagonal unit cell (9) with the polymer chains in a 9/5 helix (10,11). An orthorhombic unit cell has also been reported (9). The oxyethylene units in copolymers of trioxane and ethylene oxide can be incorporated in the crystal lattice (12). The nominal value of the melting point of homopolymer is 175°C, that of the copolymer is 165°C. Other thermal properties, which depend substantially on the crystallization or melting of the polymer, are Hsted in Table 1. See also reference 13. 

Although there is a substantial body of information in the pubHc domain concerning the preparation of polyacetals, the details of processes for manufacturiag acetal resins are kept highly confidential by the companies that practice them. Nevertheless, enough information is available that reasonably accurate overviews can be surmised. Manufacture of both homopolymer and copolymer involves critical monomer purification operations, discussion of which is outside the scope of this article (see Formaldehyde). Homopolymer and copolymer are manufactured by substantially different processes for accomplishing substantially different polymerisation chemistries. 

Vinyl chloride polymers are produced in two main types, homopolymers and copolymers, usually with vinyl acetate. Both types can be plasticized by a wide variety of plasticizers (qv), usually esters. Rigid or unplasticized PVC is used extensively for pipe. The plasticized material is used largely in floor coverings. The homopolymer itself is inherently fire-resistant, but addition of plasticizers, unless they are especially fire-resistant, considerably reduces this characteristic (see Elame retardants). 

Like the vinyl ethers, isopropenyl acetate does not readily form homopolymers by free radical initiation. It does participate in the donor-acceptor mode of polymerization with maleic anhydride and the copolymer was made by free radical polymerization (see Table III). When attempts were made to measure molecular weight by GPC using THF as a solvent on STYRAGEL columns, the polymer did not elute. Therefore, viscosity in acetone at 30"C was used as a measure of molecular size changes on irradiation. The changes on exposure... 

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