Accidents road, statistics

In the United States, advocates for bicycling arc divided on the question of special facilities. It is doubtful that Dutch-style facilities would create much greater ridership in most U.S. locales, because the trip distances are too long. The best reading of accident statistics shows that adult riders well-schooled in sharing the road with automobiles and... 

NPA (2007). Statistics 2005 Road Accidents Japan. Abridged edition. Tokyo Traffic Bureau, National Policy Agency. 

So far as public safety is concerned, the fatalities due to fireworks in a typical year amount to fewer than 1 in 10 000 000 of the population. On the same terms, this statistic can be contrasted with deaths from infection in hospital (1996) 1000 road deaths (DoT, average 1995-96) 660 accidents in the home (average 1990s) 650 drug-related deaths ca. 2000 suicide 86 arson 14 and homicide 130 per 10000000 of the population. 

According to the Health Authority Abu Dhabi (HAAD), Abu Dhabi has one of the highest rates of road deaths in the world amounting to an alarming 27.4 of 100,000 people as compared to 15.2 in the USA and 11.9 in the EU (HAAD health statistics 2011). In fact, the data show that over the past 2 years, fatal injuries related to road accidents were the main cause of death in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and the main cause of death among children 0-14 years old. 

This is not intended to sound callous any death is a tragedy to the people concerned but it is intended to put the problem in perspective. W.K.Sinclair has given statistics of deaths per year in the USA from avoidable accidental causes. Nuclear power generation, including the very occasional release, is said to cause typically 100 deaths per year. Smoking causes 150000, alcohol 100000, road accidents 50000 and accidents with guns 17500. Chernobyl almost fades into insignificance by comparison. 

In the case of heat and cold waves, there is statistically significant association when comparing rural and urban areas for the area of residence. In both cases, respondents in rural areas seem to find their residence areas less prone to those events than the respondents in urban areas. In the case of road accidents, the same relation as in the case of heat and cold waves can be observed at the local level. 

Many studies have shown that there are many factors that can be chosen as risk factors that increase the probability of accidents to occur and their severity. The correlation between any factor and road accidents means that they both increase and decrease simultaneously. For example, if an increase in speed causes an increase in road accidents it means both are correlated. The degree of such a correlation differs from factor to factor and is usually measured by using different statistical techniques and it ranges from zero to one. If one, it means the factor is highly correlated to road accidents and if zero there is no correlation at all. In this section I will not discuss these techniques in detail, but instead I focus on the results from several sources have been reviewed. I have tried to select recent studies demonstrating long international experience in this field. For example, the Handbook of Road Safety Measures (Elvik Vaa, 2004) provides a wide literature survey and meta-analysis of different road safety measures made in relation to accidents in different countries. I will provide a summary of the most important factors in relation to risk, exposure and consequences at the end of this section. However, I know that it is hard to identify all those macro-factors that have the potential to contribute to accident occurrence and consequences. In all approaches, the chosen factors should be relevant to the concept of road safety that one is seeking to measure. 

Most of the data presented and analysed in this chapter has been collected from the ten participating countries during the period of our project within the ADB-ASEAN-ASNet program and visits to the region (in 2004). The ASNet database, we improved, is one important source of accident data and information from the region. It includes accident statistics from the region, country reports, external links to other international reports (e g. ADB reports), and much more. But some other data remains to be collected from other international sources such as the World Bank, the United Nations, and the IRF International Road Federation Database. 

The number of people killed in accidents cannot be directly compared since the individual definition of road accident deaths differ or is underestimated. As defined by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, a road death is a victim of a traffic accident who dies at the scene or within 30 days from the date of the accident. However, not all ASEAN countries apply this 30-days definition for instance in Laos, Thailand and the Philippines, died on the spot in Vietnam, within 24 hours of an accident, while other ASEAN countries follow the European criteria of 30 days (see Table 4.2). The fatality figures from Laos, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam should be all adjusted to the 30-days definition and multiplied by a factor of more than one. If this is not done, then such non-uniform definitions can considerably affect the level of accident statistics. However, this 30-days correction factor is not used in this study since I already performed the estimated figures from ADB to the data. It is unnecessary to apply more than one correction factor to the data. 

The data period in this study is from 1994 to 2003. In a few cases it was necessary to combine data from different years to make a calculation of accident rates. The basic collected variables were population, vehicles in use, road casualties, and some main socio-economic factors and, from these, other statistics were derived to determine underlying patterns. The main source of data, as mentioned before, is the ASNet accident database for the ASEAN region that we developed. 

Page,Y., (2001). A statistical model to compare road mortality in OECD countries. Accident Analysis Prevention, 33, pp. 371-385. 

According to the NTSB statistics, there are about 250 professional drivers killed each year due to fatigue. The more you know about what works and what doesn t for driver fatigue, the more productive you will be and the better you will function on the road in preventing an accident. 

This chapter gives the context of this thesis by describing the participants and interactions in road traffic and the genesis of an accident. Accident statistics, safety development process, regulations, and current technical solutions highlight the objective of this thesis. 

D. Accident Statistics. GEST 90/159B presents transport accident statistics in the Euro Chlor countries over the 40-year period 1950-1990. They cover transport in small containers as well as bulk transport by road and rail. Pipeline transfer and transport by barge are not common techniques in Europe. Table 9.11 summarizes the findings. 

The World Health Organizalion statistics for 2008 show that there were nearly 4 million unintentional injury deaths worldwide. The average unintentional fatality rate among all age groups was 59 per 100,000 population. Road traffic accidents were the leading unintentional fatality cause for all age groups under 70. 

Most of the statistics published on road accidents in Great Britain are obtained from the national database of road accidents, commonly referred to as STATS19. This database, which is compiled from police accident reports, includes figures for fatalities, critical injuries and slight injuries. It does not include damage-only accidents. The underlying cause of the accident is also entered into the database, but much of this detail is not available through the published results. Whilst this data is useful, it does not help in the estimation of completely new hazards and does not map well onto the breakdown of hazards that facilitates a comparison between the ATM and baseline motorways. 

This book attempts to bring some of this information together in a format that the Road Safety Auditor can use at a practical level. The book contains many examples of real road safety problems backed up by accident statistics, together with examples of successful solutions, again backed up by comprehensive evidence. 

Eleven sites on high-speed roads treated with Diamond Grade road signs show a reduction in accidents in the after period. Six of the sites show a statistically significant reduction in accidents compared to control figures. Some of the signs utilised yellow... 

National accident statistics and verbal accident descriptions were retrieved from the Finnish Federation of Accident Insurance Institution s (FAII) database. The FAII database allows restricted access to researchers. An open coding approach (Strauss and Corbin 1998) was used to summarize and synthesize the accident statistics and descriptions data. The analysis covered all accidents that occurred to road transportation sector employees somewhere other than in truck cabs, and which were reported to insurance companies in Finland in 2006. 

The Swiss Council for Accident Prevention has also collected some detailed statistics (Sommer et al. 2007). The statistics cover all road, sports, household and leisure accidents among the resident Swiss population in 2003. One third were injured during sporting activities and almost 60 % of injuries happened at home and during leisure time. 

Mathematical statistics constitutes a broad instrumentarium for the evaluation of measuring and monitoring series. In retrospective evaluations of statistical recordings on systems which have been realized, especially of interest are those methods of mathematical statistics which also permit multivariate analysis of the loss and accident frequencies. They include such dependencies of modifiable and influenccabic system properties or other disturbances as, e.g., weather conditions in road traffic. Mathematical-Statistical methods of the above type are variance analysis, regression analysis, and factor analysis [3-9], [3-10], [3-11], [3-12]. [3-13], [3-20]. 

Ford, G. and Matthews, A. (2002), Analysis of Australian Grade Crossing Accident Statistics, Paper Presented at the 7th International Symposium on Rail-Road Highway Grade Crossing Research and Safety, Melboirme Monash University. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2005), Railroad Safety U.S. Department of Transportation. 

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Transport Statistics http //www. nnece.org/trans/main/wp6/transstatpub.html (accessed September 14,2010) collects statistics of transportation indicators, such as investment and number of employees, for different modes within the UNECE region. These compilations are available for download in PDF. The statistical overview Road Traffic Accidents enables easy comparison in traffic safety between Europe and North America. These tables are available in XLS. 

ABSTRACT In this paper multilevel approach to the issue of road safety level on the road network of European regions, classified as NUTS 2 in statistical databases of the EU, has been presented. The risk calculated as the number of death casualties in road accidents per 100,000 inhabitants of a given region has Poisson distribution. Therefore, generalized Poisson model has been assumed in the modelling process. Multilevel stochastic analysis was performed for the studied factor. Then a model was created that took into account the impact of different characteristics available on different level of aggregation, which may be helpful in the actions aimed at improvement of road safety in respective regions. 

Commandeur, J.J.F., et al. 2012. On statistical inference in time series analysis of the evolution of road safety. Accident analysis and prevention, pp. 1—11. 

ABSTRACT Statistics on traffic accidents annually contain a number of serious accidents involving the hazardous substances on roads and railways, which are accompanied by explosions, fires, leaks of hazardous substances into the environment, or a combination of the two to three mentioned phenomena which have impacts on the protected assets in a traffic accident site, and perhaps as a consequence of internal links and couplings they seriously damage the environment surrounding the accident site. By application of empirical data and procedures of risk engineering it was compiled the check list by which it is possible to determine the critical sites on roads and railways in advance, and it was tested specifically aimed What, If the method, by which it is possible to determine in advance scenarios of impacts of traffic accidents involving the hazardous substances and to determine critical aspects of critical sites from the viewpoint of protection of humans and other public assets. 

Statistics of road traffic accidents annually, contain a number of serious traffic accidents involving the hazardous substances on roads and railways, which are accompanied by explosions, fires, spills of hazardous substances into the environment, or a combination of two to three phenomena, which has impacts on protected assets in a site of traffic accident and, as a result of internal links and couplings it seriously damaging the... 

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