Accidents human factors

Aviation psychology. 2. Aircraft accidents—Human factors. 3. Airlines-Employees-Selection and appointment. 4. Airlines-Employees-Training of. 

HSG48 gives several examples of major accidents where failures of people at many levels (ie organisational failures) contributed substantially towards the accidents. Human factors topics of relevance to process integrity include ... 

McGuire, F.L., Personality factors in highway accidents. Human Factors, 1976, 18, pp. 433-442. 

Human factors, discussed in Section 4.2, enter a fault tree in the same manner as a component failure. The failure of manual actions, that prevent or mitigate an accident, are treated the same as hardware failures. The human error failure probability is conditioned by performance sluiping factors imposed by stress, training and the environment. 

Human errors may be dependent on the specific accident sequence displayed in the event tree, and, for that reason, may be included in the event tree. This requires the human-factors specialist to consider the context of the error in terms of stress, operator training in response to the accident, di.tgnosiic paiierns, environmental, and other performance-shaping factors. 

Human actions can initiate accident sequences or cause failures, or conversely rectify or mitigate an accident sequence once initiated. The current methodology lacks nuclear-plant-based data, an experience base for human factors probability density functions, and a knowledge of how this distribution changes under stress. 

Airline Pilots Association International, 1978, Human Factors Report on the Tenerife Accident, March 27, 1977," Washington, D.C. 

The application of the science of human factors to eliminating error in all aspects of process design, management, operation, and maintenance is the focus of this work. Human error has been a major cause of almost all of the catastrophic accidents that have occurred in the chemical process industries (CPI). If one adopts the broad view of human error as being the result of a mismatch between human capabilities and process demands, then clearly management s role is critical in the following areas ... 

Many data collection systems place the primary emphasis on the technical causes of accidents. There is usually a very detailed description of the chemical process in which the accident occurred, together with an in-depth analysis of the technical failures that are seen as the major causes. The human or system failures that may have contributed to the accident are usually treated in a cursory manner. Technically oriented reporting systems are very common in the CPI, where engineers who may be unfamiliar with human factors princi-... 

Rasmussen, J. (1990). Human Error and the Problem of Causality in Analysis of Accidents. In D. E. Broadbent, J. Reason, A. Baddeley (Eds.). Human Factors in Hazardous Situations. Oxford, U.K. Clarendon Press. 

Social Factors. The personalities of co-w orkers and supervisors arc also factors to be considered when evaluating Uie workplace. The liigher Uie employee morale, Uie lower Uie potcnUal for accidents. Another factor is Uie relationship of one job to another, and wheUier Uie job requires Uie coordinating of information, materials, and human effort. 

Gibson, S. B., "Investment in Human Factors Pays Dividends," in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Preventing Major Chemical Accidents, p. 6. 41, Center for Chemical Process Safety/AIChE, New York, NY (1987). 

During this human error era thorough investigations of a series of dramatic accidents (Bhopal, Chernobyl, Herald of Free Enterprise), shifted attention more towards the events prior to the accidents and led to the conclusion that the causes concerned more than only technical and human factors. Turner (Turner, 1978), was one of the first to look beyond technical and human factors and concentrated on the sociological and... 

Human factors and ergonomics play a key role in the prevention of accidents. Some theories attribute up to 90% of all accidents are caused by human factor features. It is therefore imperative that an examination of human factors and ergonomics be undertaken to prevent fire and explosions at petroleum facilities since historical experience have also shown it is a major contributor either as a primary or underlining cause. 

Human Factors in Accident Investigations, Valerie E. Barnes... 

There is no method of making a plant truly inherently safe, since there is always risk when human activity is involved. But, if we carefully examine the technology available to us, we can make chemical plants inherently safer than they might be without such an examination. We can determine that a plant can be safe, but there are many factors that will determine whether a plant will be safe. CEFIC, the European Council of Chemical Manufacturers Federations (CEFIC, 1986), reports these include human factors that are so difficult to quantify that they are rarely taken into consideration. They include the human side of plant management, operation, and maintenance. Designers cannot do much about these human factors, but they can often do a lot to make the plant easy to operate, and reduce the chances of accidents that may result from human error and mechanical failure. 

ANALYSIS DOCUMENTATION. PrHA report documentation should include the PrHA worksheets, checklists, logic diagrams, human reliability analyses, and any other analysis made to better understand the scenarios. The PSM Rule requires that human factors that impact scenarios as cause or protection be expanded to analyze the basic cause of errors or response failures. For example, a cause may identify that an operator can turn the wrong valve to initiate an accident. The PSM Rule requires that basic causes also be identified. For example, valve is not labeled the operator has not been trained on the operation or the operator forgot the step. There may be more than one basic cause. (See also Section 3.2, paragraph on Human Factors.)... 

Boeing Commercial Aircraft Group (BCAG) (1993), Crew Factor Accidents Regional Perspective, in Proceedings of the 22nd Technical Conference of the International Air Transport Association (lATA) on Human Factors in Aviation (Montreal, October 4-8), lATA, Montreal, pp. 45-61. 

Leibowitz, H. W., 1985, Grade crossing accidents and human factors engineering. Am. Sci. 73 558-562. 

Wiegmann, D. A., Shappell, S. A. (2003). A human error approach to aviation accidents analysis The human factors analysis and classification system. Aldershot, UK Ashgate. 

Abstract. This paper introduces an agent-hased approach to analyze the dynamics of accidents and incidents in aviation. The approach makes use of a number of elements, including formahzation of a real world scenario, agent-based simulation of variations of the scenario, and formal verification of dynamic properties against the (empirical and simulated) scenarios. The scenario formalization part enables incident reconstruction and formal analysis of it. The simulation part enables the analyst to explore various hypothetical scenarios under different circumstances, with an emphasis on error related to human factors. The formal verification part enables the analyst to identify scenarios involving potential hazards, and to relate those hazards (via so-called interlevel relations) to inadequate behavior on the level of individual agents. The approach is illustrated by means of a case study on a runway incursion incident, and a number of advantages with respect to the current state-of-the-art are discussed. 

Work has its special properties in coal mine production line workers, the subject they are productive activity, and is the main excitation accident. Personnel errors has become an important source of danger of accidents, on the one hand, it lies in internal factors, such as age, physical, physiological, psychological, their safety awareness effect on the other hand it lies in the external factors of workers in the work, such as the environment, enterprises of staff supervision, the completeness of machinery and equipment effects of the above factors, induced to have accidents tend to internal factors, external factors, individual, forming a human behavior set beam. Therefore, prevention and reduction caused by human factors of accidents has become an important issue to be solved in coal mine enterprise. 

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