Human Factors Accident Causation Theory

Inappropriate activities performed by an individual can be due to human error. For example, a person misjudged the degree of risk involved in a stated task and then performed the task on that misjudgment. 

Overload is concerned with an imbalance between an individual s capacity at any time and the load that he/she is carrying in a given state. The capacity of a person is the product of factors such as physical condition. 

Main factors that lead to the human error occurrence. 

Inappropriate response/incompatibility is another major factor that can cause human errors. Three typical examples of inappropriate response are as follows  

A person detects a hazardous condition but takes no corrective action. 

This theory is based on the assumption that accidents occur due to a chain of events directly or indirectly due to human error. It consists of the following three main factors that lead to the occurrence of human error [5,22]  

Write down three different formulas for mean time to failure. 

A road transportation system has four identical tires and the failure rate of each tire is 0.005 failures per hour. All four tires must operate normally for the transportation system to operate successfully. Calculate the following  

Assume that a transportation system has three independent and identical units in parallel. The failure rate of a unit is 0.004 failures per hour. Calculate the transportation system mean time to failure. 

What are the main reasons for the occurrence of human errors  

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Describe the human factors accident causation theory. 

Theoretical study leading causes of casualties have been one hundred years of history. With the development of productive forces, changes in production methods, production relations, as reflected in the existence of differences in security perceptions. More research scholars tend to study the accident causation studies, the occurrence of the accident was due to human factors and physical factors trajectory of the intersection of the accident is the intersection of time and space. Meanwhile, track crossover theory as accident causation theory, emphasizing the human factor and physical factors occupy the same important position. So, in order to effectively prevent accidents, people must also take measures to eliminate unsafe behaviors and material insecurity. 

Accident causation theories include the human factors theory, the domino theory, the systems theory, the combination theory, the epidemiological theory, and the accident/inddent theory [1,2]. The first two of these theories are described below. 

One variation of the Multiple Causation Theory is R. J. Firenzie s Theory of Accident Causation. Firenzie s theory is based on interaction among three components person, machine, and environment. Human variables of information, decisions, and perception of risks combine with machine hazards and environmental factors affecting the likelihood of an accident. 

Both the integrative model by Smillie Ayoub (1975) and the deviation concept by Kjellen (1984a) connect the general systems theory to the sequencing and energy models of accident causation. They encompass technical, organizational and human components of the system. Various methods of system safety analysis (e.g. fault tree analysis, incidental factor analysis) support the identification of technical and human deviations as well as the analysis of the conditions and consequences of these deviations. From the discussion of near misses and conflicts it became clear that frameworks of accident causation should cover all kinds of incidents, thus becoming frameworks of incidents. 

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