Occupational related

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been classified as human carcinogens because they induce cancers in experimental animals and because smoking and exposure to mixtures of chemicals containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the workplace increase the risk of lung cancer in exposed individuals. In experimental animals, benzo(a)pyrene induces cancer in different organs depending on the route of administration.Furthermore, exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons commonly occurs in occupations related to traffic (use of diesel engines in transportation and railways). 

This information can assist in future identification of other occupationally related respiratory diseases in the food industry. 

Industrial workers make up the segment of the population that is most vulnerable to chemical injury. To protect them from occupation-related harm, the American Conference of Governmental and Indnstrial Hygienists publishes annually revised threshold limit values (TLVs), guidelines for permissible chemical exposure at the workplace. http //www.acgih.org/Resources/press/HAL.htm... 

Milby, T.H. Whorton, D. (1980) Epidemiological assessment of occupationally related, chemically induced sperm count suppression. J. occup. Med., 22, 77-82... 

Occupational medical records should record and document occupationally related medical information of all types (e.g., medical examinations, visits to medical facilities [even for nonoccupational reasons], clinical laboratory data, injuries, pulmonary function tests, audiograms, etc.). The period of time that records must be retained is specified by law depending on the type of data and the health-related agent(s) of concern. In most cases, OSHA requires that information be retained for at least 30 years after the termination of employment (OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1020 Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records). Medical records should be kept in compliance with the OSHA... 

Nutrition (ISBN 1-57837-077-9) Students learn about diet, nutrition, and digestion in both people and livestock. The unit provides an introduction to the many occupations related to nutrition, from wheat farming to nutrition consulting and others of the many people who prepare, process, and safeguard food. 

Hahon N, Booth JA, Flowers L. 1990. Coinhibition of viral interferon induction by benzo[a]pyrene in association with occupation-related particles. Environ Res 52 83-98. 

Although the maximum-effect pharmacodynamic models are empirically based/ they do incorporate the concept of a maximum effect predicted by the drug-receptor interactions described earlier. The Hill equation/ which takes the same form as the equation describing drug effect as a function of receptor occupancy/ relates a continuous drug effect to the drug concentration at the effect site as shown ... 

Chronic occupation-related exposure is associated with significant excess mortality from cancer of the respiratory system and of the prostate. Depending on the segment of the population considered, the respiratory cancer risk for coke oven workers was as high as 4.5 times the risk for nonoven workers. To evaluate a biologically effective exposure dose in human biomonitoring studies, DNA carcinogen adduct analysis is frequently used. 

Costantino JP, Redmond CK, and Bearden A (1995) Occupationally related cancer risk among coke oven workers 30 years of follow up. Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine 37 597-604. 

Tielemans E, Burdorf E, te Velde ER, et al. Occupationally related exposures and reduced semen quality A case-control study. Fertil Steril 1999 71(4) 690-6. 

More than one third of occupational related injuries or illnesses reported by employees to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics are estimated to be caused by musculoskeletal disorders. In 2003 federal regulations based on occupational management guidelines that are 15 years old are still not finalized as a result of OSHA continuing to work with Congress and small business advocacy groups to complete a rule that is deemed fair to both employees and employers. 

Sir Percival Pott published in 1775 the first record of occupationally-related human cancers this London physician recognized the link between cancer of the scrotum and the occupation of chimney sweep. More of Sir Percy s work will be described in Chapter 7. 

Occupant-related activities and products tobacco smoke, equipment... 

Roush GC, Walrath J, Stayner LT, et al. 1987. Nasopharyngeal cancer, sinonasal cancer, and occupations related to formaldehyde A case-control study. J Natl Cancer Inst 79 1221-1224. 

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