Bending force

Number of bending coordinates affected by the isotopic substitution, (p) means planar (o-p) means out-of-plane (t) means torsion. 

ACS Symposium Series American Chemical Society Washington, DC, 1975. 

Blgelelsen, J., in London, H., Separation of Isotopes , Geo. Newnes, Ltd., London,(1961). 

Bigeleisen, J., Proc. Intern. Symp. Isotope Separation , North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, (1958),121. Blgelelsen, J. and Ishlda, T., J. Chem. Phys. (1968), 

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The MM+ force field uses special values for ihe bending force coii-sianis when Lhe aloins are in a Ihree- or fmir-niembered ring. 

If alOTU 1 or alom j is a hydrogen, Ih e d eforin anon (r-r,j) is considered lo be zero. Thus, no slrelch-bend inleraciion is defined for XHp groups. The slrelch-bend force con slams are incorporated into lb e program and you canriol modify Ihcm. If R is an alom otb er b y dm gen, tb e values of lhe stretcb -bend force eon si an Is are ... 

Theconslanl 2.5111S converls between MM+ slrelch-bend force consianis expressed in inillidynes per radian and IlyperChem s defanll, kcal per degree. 

I lic 3-alorn and 4-atoni rcstrairiis behave just like those for two atoms, except tliat the dialog hox requests an angle rather than a distance and the accompanying request for a force constant requires either a bending force constant (3-atorn case) or a torsional force con Stan t (4-atorn case). 

There are forces other than bond stretching forces acting within a typical polyatomic molecule. They include bending forces and interatomic repulsions. Each force adds a dimension to the space. Although the concept of a surface in a many-dimensional space is rather abstract, its application is simple. Each dimension has a potential energy equation that can be solved easily and rapidly by computer. The sum of potential energies from all sources within the molecule is the potential energy of the molecule relative to some arbitrary reference point. A... 

A larger value for the bending force constant K0 leads to a greater tendency for the angle to remain at its equilibrium value 0g. There may be cubic, quartic, etc. terms as with the corresponding bond stretch term in addition to the quadratic term shown here. 

If atom i or atom j is a hydrogen, the deformation (r-r ) is considered to be zero. Thus, no stretch-bend interaction is defined for XH2 groups. The stretch-bend force constants are incorporated... 

The constant 2.51118 converts between MM-t stretch-bend force constants expressed in millidynes per radian and HyperChem s default, kcal per degree. 

The functional form for angle bending in BIO+ is quadratic only and is identical with that shown in equation (12) on page 175. The angle bending force constants are in units of kcal/mol per radian2 and are in the file pointed to by the QuadraticBend entry for the parameter set in the Registry or the chem.ini file, usually called ben.txt(dbf). 

All default bending force constants are assigned the value 100 kcal/mol/rad ... 

On fasteners also, other than cross-breaking or shearing stress, there is no significant compressive or bending force. 

Blind hole In regard to molding products that include holes, it is important to ensure that sufficient material surrounds the holes and melt flows property. A core pin forming blind holes is subjected to the bending forces that exist in the cavity due to the high melt pressures. Calculations can be made for each case by establishing the core pin diameter, its length, and the anticipated pressure conditions in the cavity (3). 

Blind holes in molded plastics are created by a core supported by only one side of the mold. The length of the core and depth of the hole are limited by the ability of the core to withstand the bending forces produced by the flowing plastic without excessive deflection. For this reason, the depth of a blind hole should not exceed three times its diameter or minimum cross-sectional dimension. For small blind holes with a minimum dimension below 1/4 in., the L/D ratio should be kept to two. With through holes the cores can be longer, since the opposite side of the mold cavity supports them (3). 

The enlargement of the clearance caused by roll deflection can be compensated completely by applying an external bending force on the outer ends of the roll axis. 

It seems that the right setting of the cross axes setting practically can compensate the deflection of the rolls due to the nip forces. A compensation of roll deflection can also be achieved by means of outer roll bending devices, which is depicted in Figure 35.42. An additional counterdirected bending force is applied on the outer ends of the rolls. 

Ground-state effects, i.e., the effects on the bond lengths and angles, stretching and bending force constants, and other spectroscopic properties of the other ligands. 

Experimental harmonic frequencies, Duncan, J. L. Allan, A. McKean, D. C. Mol. Phys. 1970, IS, 289. dFor PES1 (Br) the H-C-Cl and H-C-Br bending force constants are the ab initio values, while these ab initio force constants are scaled for PES2(Br) to obtain better agreement with experiment. 

For PES3, the ab initio < >-bending force constants are scaled as described above for PES2. 

The first term in this free energy is the standard isotropic curvature rigidity. The second term is a chiral term with coefficient Xhp, which can exist only in chiral membranes and is prohibited by reflection symmetry in nonchiral membranes. This term favors curvature in a direction 45° from m. Thus, it gives an intrinsic bending force in any membrane with both chirality and tilt order. 

In this case, the linear system the interaction of which is turned on by bending. Of course, this is an approximate equation which is very valuable in terms of relating the results of the calculation of a linear molecule to its tendency to bend. Clearly, as the nature of A and X varies in a way which makes the Ep — Eq smaller and Hpq more negative, the bending force Fg will increase. 

Another situation where the aforementioned condition is met is along a series of H2 A isoelectronic molecules where A varies along a row of the Periodic Table. Here, Hpq remains roughly constant and, thus, the bending force increases as AEpq decreases, a trend which obtains as the lone pair ionization potential of the central atom decreases. Typical data are shown in Scheme 8. 

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