Abscisic

Sevin. 1-Naphthalenol methylcarbanate [63-25-2] (Sevin) (44) was developed as an insecticide. However, the conception of the molecule, in the mid-1950s, was as a possible herbicide. The compound ultimately was useless as a herbicide, but in routine testing it was discovered to be an excellent insecticide. Sevin was active in the oat mesocotyl assay and demonstrated weak auxin-like activity. During the development of Sevin, it caused massive apple drop in the western United States in an orchard being treated for insects. It is used (ca 1993) as an abscising agent to thin apples. 

Quarrie, S.A. (1981). Genetic variability and heritability of drought-induced abscisic acid accumulation in spring wheat. Plant, Cell Environment, 4,147-51. 

Rikin, A., Blumenfeld, A. Richmond, A.E. (1976). Chilling resistance as affected by stressing environments and abscisic acid. Botanical Gazette, 137, 307-12. 

Salt, S.D., Tuzun, S. Kuc, J. (1986). Effects of jS-ionone and abscisic acid on the growth and resistance to blue mold. Mimicry of effects of stem infection by Peronospora tabacina Adam. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 28, 287-97. 

Whenham, R.J., Fraser, R.S.S., Brown, L.P. Payne, J.A. (1986). Tobacco-mosaic-virus-induced increase in abscisic-acid concentration in tobacco leaves Intracellular location in light and dark-green areas, and relationship to symptom development. Planta, 168, 592-8. 

Photosynthesis and gas exchange of leaves are affected by many stresses including drought, flooding, salinity, chilling, high temperature, soil compaction and inadequate nutrition. Many, but not all, of these stresses have symptoms in common. For example, stomatal conductance and the rate of assimilation of CO2 per unit leaf area often decrease when stress occurs. Further, it is possible that several of the stresses may exert their effects, in part, by increasing the levels of the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in the leaf epidermis. This hormone is known to close stomata when applied to leaves. 

Bradford, K.J., Sharkey, T.D. Farquhar, G.D. (1983). Gas exchange, stomatal behaviour, and 6 C values of the acca tomato mutant in relation to abscisic acid. Plant Physiology, 72, 245-50. 

Downton, W.J.S., Loveys, B.R. Grant, W.J.R. (1988). Stomatal closure fully accounts for the inhibition of photosynthesis by abscisic acid. New Phytologist, 108, 263-6. 

Terashima, I., Wong, S.D., Osmond, C.B. Farquhar, G.D. (1988). Characterisation of non-uniform photosynthesis induced by abscisic acid in leaves having different mesophyll anatomies. Plant Cell Physiology, 29 385-94. 

Ward, D.A. Drake, B.G. (1988). Osmotic stress temporarily reverses the inhibitions of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance by abscisic acid - evidence that abscisic acid induces a localized closure of stomata in intact, detached leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany, 39, 147-55. 

Cornish, K. and Zeevaart, J.A.D. (1985). Abscisic acid accumulation by roots of Xanthium strumarium L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, in relation to water stress. Plant Physiology, 79, 653-8. 

Hartung, W., Gimmler, H. Heilmann, B. (1982). The compartmentation of abscisic acid, of ABA - biosynthesis, ABA - metabolism and ABA conjugation. In Plant Growth Substances 1982, ed. P.F. Wareing, pp. 325-334. London Academic Press. 

Hartung, W., Radin, J.W. Hendrix, D.L. (1988). Abscisic acid movement into the apoplastic solution of water-stressed cotton leaves Role of apoplastic pH. Plant Physiology, 86, 908-13. 

Heilmann, B., Hartung, W. and Gimmler, H. (1980). The distribution of abscisic acid between chloroplasts juid cytoplasm of leaf cells and the permeability of the chloro-plast envelope for abscisic acid. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenphysiologie, 97, 67-78. 

Lachno, D.R. Baker, D.A. (1986). Stress induction of abscisic acid in maize roots. Physiologia Plantarum, 68, 215-21. 

Quarrie, S.A. (1984). Abscisic acid and drought resistance in crop plants, British Plant Growth Regulator Group News, 1, 1-15. 

Quarrie, S.A. Jones, H.G. (1977). Effects of abscisic acid and water stress on development and morphology of wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany, 28, 192-203. 

Radin, J.W., Parker, L.L. Guinn, G. (1982). Water relations of cotton plants under nitrogen deficiency. V. Environmental control of abscisic acid accumulation and stomatal sensitivity to abscisic acid. Plant Physiology, 70, 1066-70. 

Walton, D.C., Harrison, M.A. Cote, P. (1976). The effects of water stress on abscisic acid levels and metabolism in roots of Phaseolus vulgaris and other plants. Planta, 131, 141. ... 

Zhang, J. Davies, W.J. (1989). Abscisic acid produced in dehydrating roots may enable the plant to measure the water status of the soil. Plant, Cell and Environment, 12, 73-81. 

Zhang, J., Schurr, U. Davies, W.J. (1987). Control of stomatal behaviour by abscisic acid which apparently originates in the roots. Journal of Experimental Botany, 38,1174-81. 

Abscisic acid accumulation during drought Water-use efficiency -1- Innes et al., 1984... 

Guerrero, F. Mullet, J.E. (1986). Increased abscisic acid biosynthesis during plant dehydration requires transcription. Plant Physiology, 80, 588-91. 

Heikkila, J.J., Papp, J.E.T., Schultz, G.A. Bewley, J.D. (1984). Induction of heat shock protein messenger RNA in maize mesocotyls by water stress, abscisic acid and wounding. Plant Physiology, 76, 270-4. 

La Rosa, P.C., Hasegawa, P.M., Rhodes, D., Clithero, J.M., Watas, A.A. Bressan, R.A. (1987). Abscisic acid stimulated osmotic adjustment and its involvement in adaptation of tobacco cells to NaCl. Plant Physiology, 85, 174-81. 

Walton, D.C. (1980). The biochemistry and physiology of abscisic acid. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 31, 453-89. 

Jones, H., Leigh, R.A., Tomos, A.D. Wyn Jones, R.G. (1987). The effect of abscisic acid on cell turgor presures, solute content and growth of wheat roots. Phytochemistry, 170, 257-63. 

Reaney, M.J.T. Gusta, L.V. (1987). Factors influencing the induction of freezing tolerance by abscisic acid in cell suspension cultures of Bromus inermis Leyss and Medicago sativa L. Plant Physiology, 83, 423-7. 

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