Abscisic acid content

Chono, M., I. Honda et al. (2006). Field studies on the regulation of abscisic acid content and germinability during grain development of barley Molecular and chemical analysis of pre-harvest sprouting. J. Exp. Bot. 57(10) 2421-2434. 

Krauss, A. (1978). Tuberization and abscisic acid content in Solanum tuberosum as affected by nitrogen nutrition. 

Figure 2A. Change in abscisic acid content of Xanthium leaves with age. Fresh and dry weight and abscisic acid content of 10 leaves of different ages (51).

Figure 6. Decrease in abscisic acid content of wilted leaves of Xanthium after stress was relieved. Detached leaves were wilted by reducing the fresh weight by 10%. Stress was relieved after 5 hr by submerging leaves into distilled water for 5 min.

Moore, R. and J. D. Smith, Growth, graviresponsiveness and abscisic-acid content of Zea mays seedlings with Fluridone, Planta, 162, 342-344 (1984). 

Davies FS, Mau SC, Nooden LD (1975) Auxin synthesis in crown gall tumor tissue A comparison of three putative precursors. Physiol Plant 33 39-41 Davison RM, Young H (1973) Abscisic acid content of xylem sap. Planta 109 95-98 Dostal R (1967) On integration in plants. Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge Mass Esau K (1965) Plant anatomy, 2nd edn. Wiley and Sons, New York Evans LS, Tramontano WA (1981) Is trigonelline a plant hormone Am J Bot 68 1282-1289... 

Raschke K, Zeevaart JAF (1976) Abscisic acid content, transpiration, and stomatal conductance as related to leaf age in plants of Xanthium strumarium L. Plant Physiol 58 169-174... 

Zeevaart JAD (1971) ( + )-Abscisic acid content of spinach in relation to photoperiod and water stress. Plant Physiol 48 86-90... 

Alvim R, Hewett EW, Saunders PF (1976) Seasonal variation in the hormone content of willow. I. Changes in abscisic acid content and cytokinin activity in the xylem sap. Plant Physiol 57 474-476... 

Fig. 3.33. Change in abscisic acid content during grain development in Triticum aestivum cv. Arawa. Week 1 is 4 weeks after ear emergence and is 19 days after peak an thesis. After McWha, 1975 [114]...

Jones, H., Leigh, R.A., Tomos, A.D. Wyn Jones, R.G. (1987). The effect of abscisic acid on cell turgor presures, solute content and growth of wheat roots. Phytochemistry, 170, 257-63. 

When subjected to drought stress, excised wheat Triticum aestivum L.) leaves increase ethylene production as a result of an increased synthesis of ACC 71 and an increased activity of the ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) which catalyzes the conversion of ACC 71 to ethylene. Rehydratation to relieve water stress reduces EFE activity to levels similar to those in non-stressed tissue. Pretreatment of the leaves with N-benzyladenine (BA) 75 or indole-3-acetic acid lAA 76 prior to drought stress caused further increase in ethylene production. Conversely, pretreatment of wheat leaves with abscisic acid ABA 77 reduced ethylene production to levels of non-stressed leaves, accompanied by a decrease in ACC 71 content, Eq. (29). 

Kondo S, Inoue K. 1997. Abscisic acid (ABA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-l -carboxylic acid (ACC) content during growth of Satohnishiki cherry fruit, and the effect of ABA and ethephon application on fruit quality. J Hortic Sci 72 221-227. 

An interesting effect of Aceria attack on the abscisic acid and ethylene content in the fruits was recorded. This stressor increased the highest values of stimulating phytohormones also. These substances can disturb the dormancy and cause the highest germinability (Fiserova et al., 1999). 

The photosynthetic efficiency mainly depends on the openness of stomata, particularly in C3 crops, while their closure tends to avoid excessive water loss. Abscisic acid (ABA) mediates water loss from the guardian cells of the stomata, which is triggered by a decrease in the water content of the leaf and inhibits leaf expansion. In muskmelon seedlings, ABA could improve the maintenance of the leaf water potential and relative water content, and reduce electrolyte leakage [55]. 

These variations in behavior indicate that harvesting melons at different stages of maturity causes subsequent biochemical events involved in amino acid accumulation to follow markedly different pathways. Recent work shows that melon fhiit harvested up to ten days before commercial maturity exhibits climacteric behavior with respect to ethylene production showing that at least this aspect of ripening is not completely inhibited by premature separation from the plant(P). However, the amount of ethylene produced is dependent on maturity at harvest and fruit harvested five days prematurely generated only about half of the amount of ethylene produced by fruit harvested two days before maturity. Also the lag time required to initiate ethylene production after harvest depended on maturity and was longer for prematurely harvested fruit. Changes in the content of the phytohormone abscisic acid were also correlated with that of ethylene. However whether the different maturity related metabolic responses observed above result from the action of these or other plant hormones awaits further study. 

After 5 weeks of growth at 16 h/8 h, 30°C/18°C, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and NaCl were tested for induction of CAM in M. crystallinum. As shown in Fig. 1, ABA added to the nutrient solution was also very effective in inducing increased activities of PEPC and NADP-ME. Six days after treatment, the diurnal fluctuations in titratable acidity and malate content were similar in the abscisic acid treated and the salt or PEG treated plants. SDS-PAGE of the soluble protein from leaf extracts showed the appearance of a major polypeptide band at approximately 100 kD with ABA, salt and PEG treatment. This band corresponds to PEPC and is consistent with the large increase in activity observed after 6 days. 

Fig. 1. Induction of CAM in M. crystallinum by abscisic acid polyethylene glycol and NaCl. After 5 weeks of growth in soil (day zero), plants were watered daily with nutrient media (control), or nutrient media containing 10 JM ABA, 15% PEG, or 0.35 M NaCl. The acidity and malate content of leaf extracts were measured after the sixth day.

Effects on Abscisic Acid, One of the most clearly defined effects of water stress (decreased turgor) on hormones is the enhancement of ABA biosynthesis in leaves (Wright and Hiron 1972, Milborrow 1974, Zeevaart 1980). The response is rapid and the increase in ABA content is large (Kriedemann et al. 1972, Milborrow 1974, Wright and Hiron 1972, Hiron and Wright 1973). Water stress-induced enhancement of ABA content also occurs in roots (Walton et al. 1976) but the effect is small in some cases (Milborrow and Robinson 1973). 

Kohler K-H, Dorfler M, Goring H (1980) The influence of light on the cytokinin content of Amaranthus seedlings. Biol Plant 22 128-134 Kondo K, Watanable A, Imaseki H (1975) Relationships in actions of indoleacetic acid, benzyladenine and abscisic acid in ethylene production. Plant Cell Physiol 16 1001-1007... 

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