Adrenergic mechanisms

Randrup, A. Munkvard, 1. and Udsen, P. Adrenergic mechanisms and amphetamine-induced abnormal behavior. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 20 145-157, 1963. 

Airway obstruction manifests itself as symptoms such as chest tightness, cough, and wheezing. Airway obstruction can be caused by multiple factors including airway smooth muscle constriction, airway edema, mucus hypersecretion, and airway remodeling. Airway smooth muscle tone is maintained by an interaction between sympathetic, parasympathetic, and non-adrenergic mechanisms. Acute bronchoconstriction usually... 

Aoki C, Go CG, Venkatesan C, Kurose H (1994) Perikaryal and synaptic localization of OjA-adrenergic receptor-like immunoreactivity. Brain Res 650 181-204 Arnsten AFT, Goldman-Rakic PS (1985) O Adrenergic mechanism in prefrontal cortex associated with cognitive decline in aged nonhuman primates. Science 230 1273-1376... 

G. Heusch, ot-Adrenergic mechanisms in myocardial ischemia. Circulation 81 (1990) 1-13. 

Tin, A.M., Freund, R.K., Hoffer, B.J., and Palmer, M.R. (1994) Ethanol-induced depressions of cerebellar purkinje neurons are potentiated by beta-adrenergic mechanisms in rat brain. / Pharmacol Exp Tfer 271 1175-1180. 

Arnsten AET, Goldman-Rakic PS Alpha-2-adrenergic mechanisms in prefrontal cortex associated with cognitive decline in aged nonhuman primates. Science 1230 1273-1276, 1985... 

The Nature of catecholamine-adenine mononucleotide interactions in adrenergic mechanisms,... 

Mignot E, Renaud A, Nishino S, Arrigoni J, Guilleminault C, Dement WC (1993) Canine cataplexy is preferentially controlled by adrenergic mechanisms evidence using monoamine selective uptake inhibitors and release enhancers. Psychopharmacology 113 76-82... 

Stress-related stimuli probably trigger NE neuronal activity, via the amygdala and PFC afferents. The activation of NE neurons results in an increase in NE transmission in the hypothalamus and limbic system. The increase in NE levels in hypothalamus results in activation of hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal (HPA) axis, via a (3-adrenergic receptor-mediated mechanism. An increase in NE in the limbic system stimulates neuronal activity of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons and decreases the firing of GABA basket intemeurons, via a2- and (3-adrenergic mechanisms, respectively. 

Baneijee, A., Locke-Winter, C., Rogers, K., Mitchell, M.B., Brew, E.C., Cairns, C., Bensard, D., and Harken, A.H. 1993. Preconditioning against myocardial dysfunction after ischemia and reperfusion by an alpha-adrenergic mechanism. Circ. Res. 73 656-670. 

Munarriz R, Hwang J, Goldstein I, Traish AM, Kim NN. Cocaine and ephedrine-induced priapism case reports and investigation of potential adrenergic mechanisms. Urology 2003 62 187-92. 

Reserpine [0.1 mg/kg intramuscularly (i.m.)] or yohimbine (0.01 mg/kg i.m.) induces significant impairments in the monkey s ability to perform the delayed response task. HA at a dosage of 0.01 mg/kg i.m. for the yohimbine-treated monkeys markedly improved the memory impairments. The effects exhibited an inverted U-shaped dose-response pattern. The data suggest that HA may improve working memory via an adrenergic mechanism. ... 

Anyone who administers drugs acting on cardiovascular adrenergic mechanisms requires an understanding of how they act in order to use them to the best advantage and with safety. 

All the above mechanisms operate in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. This discussion is chiefly concerned with agents that influence peripheral adrenergic mechanisms. 

Adrenergic mechanisms have a role in the physiological control of plasma potassium concentration. The biochemical pump that shifts potassium into cells is activated by the P -adrenoceptor agonists (adrenaline, salbutamol, isoprenaline) and can cause hypokalaemia. Pj-adrenoceptor antagonists block the effect. 

Fig. 22.1 Cardiovascular effects of noradrenaline (norepinephrine), adrenaline (epinephrine) and isoprenaline (isoproterenol) pulse rate/min, blood pressure in mmHg (dotted line is mean pressure), peripheral resistance in arbitrary units.The differences are due to the differential a and p agonist selectivities of these agents (see text). (By permission,after GinsburgJ,Cobbold A F I960 ln Vane J R et al (eds) Adrenergic mechanism. Churchill, London)...

De Pont F, Giaroni C, Cosentino M et al 1996 Adrenergic mechanisms in the controi of gastrointestinal motility from basic science to clinical applications. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 69 59-78 Der-Silaphet T, Malysz J, Hagel S et al 1998 Interstitial cells of Cajal direct normal propulsive contractile activity in the mouse small intestine. Gastroenterology 114 724-736... 

Refsnes M, Thoresen GH, Sandnes D, Dajani OF, Dajani L, Christoffers T. Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of catecholamines on DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures role of oq- and [1-adrenergic mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 1992 151 164-171. 

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