Zonal analysis

Wuthier, R. E. Zonal analysis of phospholipids in the epiphyseal cartilage and bone of normal and rachitis chickens and pigs. Calc. Tiss. Res. 8, 36 (1971)... 

M. E. Larsen and J. R. Howell, Least-Squares Smoothing of Direct Exchange Areas in Zonal Analysis, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 108, pp. 239-242,1986. 

Caldwell, R.E., Merdgen, D.B., 1991. Zonal analysis the final step in system safety assessment (of aircraft). In Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, http //ieeexploie.ieee.org/ xpl/articleDetails.jsp tp= arnumber=154447 url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee. org%2Fxpls%2Fabs all.jsp%3Famumber%3D154447. 

Enhanced Zonal Analysis Procedure (EZAP) Refers to the logical process of developing maintenance and inspection instructions for an Electrical Wiring Interconnection System (EWIS). Refer to 03-02-13007-02 for further definition. 

The third method is connected with the zonal analysis. It defines trends of changes of the variables and is referred to a trend analysis. As already mentioned above, the process is rather simple with two variables, but considerably more complicated with more variables. If a suitable numerical approach is introduced, the method is, however, feasible. 

Zonal Analysis A relatively new system safety analysis technique concerned with evaluating the geographic arrangement of installed systems, and its interconnections, as well as the influence of external events on those systems. 

Commercial glass-backed TLC and HPTLC plates, which contain flat, uniform layers, are best to use for instrumental TLRC. Plates with plastic or aluminum backing can be cut into sections, thereby facilitating zonal analysis by scintillation counting or preparative isolation of compounds. Layers must be clean and free from dust and other particles in order to measure radioactivity accurately. Samples should be spotted manually or automatically with an instrument (see Chapter 5) as small spots or narrow bands sufficiently far apart (minimum of 1.5 cm) to avoid measurement of radioactivity from adjacent lanes. Complete resolution of sample components is required for accurate quantification there-... 

The three main ways of detecting radioactive isotopes on TLC plates are (1) film registration or autoradiography, (2) zonal analysis (plate scraping and liquid scintillation counting), and (3) direct, in situ methods using radiation detectors. 

Parameters Autoradiography Zonal analysis Linear analyzer MWPC detector Phosphor imager... 

The principal methods for detecting and quantifying radioactivity on TLC plates are autoradiography, zonal analysis (plate scraping followed by liquid scintillation counting), and direct measurement using radiation detectors. The method employed for analysis depends on the available equipment, which generally depends on the amount of money available, and the type of experiment and information required. The various detection methods are discussed in outline below, and more detailed information can be obtained from the literature cited. 

Sometimes, rather than removing all the adsorbent as in zonal analysis, the sample spots/zones can be removed after being located by a suitable detection method such as UV absorption, exposure to iodine vapor, spray reagents, or autoradiography (6). This method can be used in a quantitative way for the preparative isolation of individual components. 

There are three principal techniques for the analysis of radioactive components on TLC plates, autoradiography, zonal analysis, and mechanical detectors (e.g. linear analyzers, phosphor imagers, MWPC detectors). The technique of choice depends on a number of parameters but of primary consideration are sensitivity and resolution. Other parameters that are to be considered are quantitation, linear dynamic range, speed, sample throughput, and preservation of the sample. A comparative sununary of the detection methods with respect to these parameters is shown in Table 2. 

Both autoradiography and zonal analysis have a number of drawbacks, including sensitivity and resolution, but primarily both techniques are extremely time consuming. Linear analyzers offer a good compromise among speed, resolution, and quantitative accuracy. However, the performance of the linear analyzers falls well below that of the currently available MWPC detectors and phosphor imagers in all respects. Sensitivity, quantitation, and particularly resolution are significantly superior... 

Functional hazard analysis is the airline industry s name for hazard analysis. Failure mode and effects analysis and fanlt tree analysis are applied in the same way as in other industries. Zonal analysis is the verification of correct manufacture and installation. It starts by reviewing drawings and analysis and ends in the physical inspection of mockup, prototype, and production systems. 

---