Yeast analysis

Wright R. and Rine J. (1989) Transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemical studies of yeast analysis of HMG-Co A reductase overproduction by electron microscopy. Met. Cell. Biol. 31, 473-512. 

Table 13 Microbiological media for pitching yeast analysis...

ENZYMATIC ANALYSIS WITH CARBOXYPEPTIDASES. Carboxypeptidases are enzymes that cleave amino acid residues from the C-termini of polypeptides in a successive fashion. Four carboxypeptidases are in general use A, B, C, and Y. Carboxypeptidase A (from bovine pancreas) works well in hydrolyzing the C-terminal peptide bond of all residues except proline, arginine, and lysine. The analogous enzyme from hog pancreas, carboxypeptidase B, is effective only when Arg or Lys are the C-terminal residues. Thus, a mixture of carboxypeptidases A and B liberates any C-terminal amino acid except proline. Carboxypeptidase C from citrus leaves and carboxypeptidase Y from yeast act on any C-terminal residue. Because the nature of the amino acid residue at the end often determines the rate at which it is cleaved and because these enzymes remove residues successively, care must be taken in interpreting results. Carboxypeptidase Y cleavage has been adapted to an automated protocol analogous to that used in Edman sequenators. 

In terms of amino acids bacterial protein is similar to fish protein. The yeast s protein is almost identical to soya protein fungal protein is lower than yeast protein. In addition, SCP is deficient in amino acids with a sulphur bridge, such as cystine, cysteine and methionine. SCP as a food may require supplements of cysteine and methionine whereas they have high levels of lysine vitamins and other amino acids. The vitamins of microorganisms are primarily of the B type. Vitamin B12 occurs mostly hi bacteria, whereas algae are usually rich in vitamin A. The most common vitamins in SCP are thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, choline, folic acid, inositol, biotin, B12 and P-aminobenzoic acid. Table 14.4 shows the essential amino acid analysis of SCP compared with several sources of protein. 

Gavin AC et al (2002) Functional organization of the yeast proteome by systematic analysis of protein complexes. Nature 415 141-147... 

Classical global knockouts may have a developmental or lethal phenotype and thus preclude the analysis of the phenotypic consequences of the lack of a gene in specific tissues in adult animals. With the development of the cre/loxP and flp/FRT systems, it has become possible to excise defined DNA fragments from the genome of specified cells. Cre and Flp are bacterial and yeast recombinases, respectively, which recognize loxP and FRT sequences, respectively. The most common... 

Fungicidal activity was determined by the disc method and zones of inhibition were recorded by measuring the diameter (mm) of the inhibition zone. Yeast cultures (S. cerevisiae) showed growth inhibition (clear area surrounding disc) by sediment extracts from all stations when compared to control discs. HPLC analysis of sediment extracts showed more than 20 components in the migration profile of each station. Of these components, a fraction demonstrated to possess cytolytic activity in the crude extract (Ve = 24 ml) was present in all stations when compared to the migration profile of the active fraction (Figure 2). 

Chen, L. and Dixon, K., Analysis of repair and mutagenesis of chromium induced DNA damage in yeast mammalian cells and transgenic mice, Environmental, Health Perspective, 106, 1027-1032, 1998. 

Analysis of genome-wide protein-protein interactions in yeast... 

Genome-wide yeast two-hybrid analysis of other organisms... 

The bacterial one and two-hybrid systems have potential advantages over the yeast two-hybrid system due to the higher transformation efficiency and faster growth rate of coli. To date, however, the bacterial two-hybrid system has not been used for genome-scale analysis of protein-protein interactions. 

Ito, T., Chiba, T., Ozawa, R., Yoshida, M., Hattori, M., and Sakaki, Y. (2001). A comprehensive two-hybrid analysis to explore the yeast protein interactome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 4569-4574. 

---