Yarrowia lipolytica strains

Fantin, G., Fogagnolo, M., Medici, A., Pedrini, A., and Fontana, S. (2000) Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Secondary Alcohols Via Oxidation with Yarrowia lipolytica Strains, Tetrahedron Asymmetry 11, 2367-2373. 

Il chenko AP, Chernyavskaya OG, Shishkanova NV, Finogenova TV. Metabolic characteristics of the mutant Yarrowia lipolytica strain N1 producing alpha-ketoglutaric and citric acids from ethanol and the efiect of NH and O on yeast respiration and acidogenesis. Microbiologiia 2001 70 151-7. 

Sarris, D., Galiotou-Panayotou, M., Koutinas, A.A., Komaitis, M., Papanikolaou, S., 2011. Citric acid, biomass and cellular lipid production by Yarrowia lipolytica strains cultivated on olive mill wastewater-based media. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 86 (11), 1439-1448. 

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well characterized biochemically and genetically and was the organism of choice for most of the eady experiments. However, heterologous expression seems to be better in some of the industrial strains of yeasts such as Pichiapastoris Hansenulapolymorpha Kluyveromyces lactis and Yarrowia lipolytica (25—28). 

Finally, the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is able to transform ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy oleic acid) into y-decalactone, a desirable fruity and creamy aroma compound however, the biotransformation pathway involves fi-oxidation and requires the lactonisation at the CIO level. The first step of fi-oxidation in Y. lipolytica is catalysed by five acyl-CoA oxidases (Aox), some of which are long-chain-specific, whereas the short-chain-specific enzymes are also involved in the degradation of the lactone. Genetic constructions have been made to remove these lactone-degrading activities from the yeast strain [49, 50]. A strain displaying only Aox2p activity produced 10 times more lactone than the wild type in 48 h but still showed the same growth behaviour as the wild type. 

Papanikolaou, S., Muniglia, L., Chevalot, I., Aggelis, G. and Marc, I. 2002. Yarrowia Lipolytica as a Potential Producer of Citric Acid from Raw Glycerol. J. Appl. Microbiol., 92, 737-744. Papanikolaou, S., Ruiz-Sanchez, P., Pariset, B., Blanchard, F. and Fick, M. 2000. High Production of 1,3-Propanediol from Industrial Glycerol by a Newly Isolated Clostridium Butyricum Strain. J. Biotechnol., 77, 191-208. 

FIGURE 12.1 Plasmids used to transform Yarrowia lipolytica Polg strain for expression of, respectively, Mortierella alpina A6-desatnrase gene (A), A12-desatnrase gene (B), or both A12- and A6-desaturase genes (C). 

The second fermentation was developed using yeast strains, such as Yarrowia lipolytica ATCC 34088, that has limited P-oxidation abilities. The recovered hydroxy fatty acids were fed into a new fermenter and sterilized with other ingredients before inoculation with Y. lipolytica culture. Y. lipolytica converted C-18 10-hydroxy fatty acids to the corresponding lactone intermediates, 4-hydroxy C12 fatty acids via a limited P-oxidation. The fermentation was usually terminated at the point of a maximum accumulation of lactone intermediates, at the concentration of 5 g/L in the fermentation broth. After the fermentation process was complete, the lactone intermediates were lactonized at a pH in the range of 3-5 and at a temperature of >100°C. The resulting lactones were recovered and purified from the fermentation broth by solvent extraction followed by fractional distillation. 

Yuzbashev TV, Yuzbasheva EY, Sobolevskaya TI, Laptev lA, Vybornaya TV, Larina AS, Matsui K, Fukui K, Sineoky SP. (2010). Production of succinic acid at low pH by a recombinant strain of the aerobic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Biotechnol Bioeng, 107, 673-682. 

Forster A, Aurich A, Mauersberger S, Barth G. Citric acid production from sucrose using a recombinant strain of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007 75 1409-17. 

Trichosporon pullulans probably includes Endomycopsis vernalis which is no longer a recognized name. Yarrowia lipolytica is variously referred to as Candida lipolytica and Saccharomycopsis lipolytica amongst other names. Only a few strains may be oleaginous. 

One of the targets was ICA overproduction by different strains of Yarrowia lipolytica (Table 19.5). It was possible to increase the concentration of the ICA at a high productivity (1.14 gL h" ) by use of sunflower and rape seed oil. However, the part of CA in the total amount of acids was higher (Kamzolova et al. 2008). 

We were able to achieve the concentration of 93 gL" using our robust wild type strain Yarrowia lipolytica EH59 in our standard bioreactor facility with sunflower oil as substrate. (Heretsch et al. 2008). The product formation in a typical ICA/ CA-cultivation by Yarrowia lipolytica is shown in Figure 19.5. 

Yarrowia lipolytica has been established as a heterologous host for EH overexpression in fhe company Oxyrane Ltd. [102]. The origin of some EHs that were used in various biotransformation reactions was released in different patents [35,118,141]. The following biotransformation reaction was performed with the Y. lipolytica Oxy-9 strain, which overexpressed an EH whose origin was not released. Thus, racemic 4-bromo-l,2-epoxybutane (60g) was kinetically resolved with 5 g of wet cells in 40ml of 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.5 [102]. The reaction was stopped after 90 min, and after extraction and purification (S)-4-bromo-l,2-epoxybutane was obtained in 26% yield and 98.6% ee (Figure 8.32). The residual epoxide was then easily transformed... 

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