Oxidative ability

Due to high oxidation ability of Ce(IV), special attention is to be paid to retaining its valence state unchanged in the dissolution process of the analyzed samples which contain microquantities of the detenuined component. 

Specific biological activity of carboxylic acids peroxide derivatives in compaiison with their oxidation ability and ionization degree in aqueous solutions has been considered. Peroxyoctanoic, diperoxynonandioic and diperoxydecandioic acids give the most intense bactericidal effect among researched cai boxylic acids peroxide derivatives. The perspectives of use of the aliphatic middle-chain peracid C8-C9 as anti-infective agents have been discussed. 

The strong oxidizing ability of ehlorine allows it to reaet vigorously with organies to form ehlorinated derivatives and hydrogen ehloride. 

The variety of fluoride compounds that exist and the wide spectrum of their preparation methods are related to the properties of fluorine, and above all to fluorine s high electronegativity. Low dissociation energy of the fluorine molecule, F2, relatively high energies of bond formation found in most fluoride compounds, as well as fluorine s strong oxidizing ability lead, in some cases, to spontaneous fluorination. 

How can this trend in half-cell potentials and oxidizing abilities be explained Let us imagine that reaction (7), as an example, is carried out in a hypothetical series of... 

The acid strengths and oxidizing abilities of the halogen oxoacids increase with the oxidation number of the halogen. The hypohalous acids, HXO (halogen oxidation number +1), are prepared by direct reaction of the halogen with water. For example, chlorine gas disproportionates in water to produce hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid ... 

One spectacular example of the oxidizing ability of perchlorates is their use in the booster rockets of space shuttles. The solid propellant consists of aluminum powder (the fuel), ammonium perchlorate (the oxidizing agent as well as a fuel), and iron(III) oxide (the catalyst). These reactants are mixed into a liquid polymer, which sets to a solid inside the rocket shell. A variety of products can form when the mixture is ignited. One of the reactions is... 

B In the reduction of HC103 an acid is a reactant. Therefore, increasing the pH reduces the oxidizing ability of HClO>. 

Mercury(II), thallium(III), and lead(IV) are isoelectronic and, as can be seen from the data in Eqs. (19)-(22) (77) the redox potential for thallium is intermediate between those of mercury and lead. Consequently, the relative oxidizing ability of the three metal ions should be in the order Hg(II) <... 

The oxidizing ability of H2S04 depends on its concentration. Which element is reduced by reaction of Zn on H2S04 in each of the following reactions ... 

Redudion reactions are generally less often used than photocatalytically assisted oxidations, mainly because the reduction power of a valence band electron is lower than the oxidation ability of a valence band hole. However, even in this case they can contribute to replacing dangerous reductants such as CO or hydrides with safer procedures. 

The possibility for electropolymerization on the top surface of Prussian blue films was probably first shown in [126] describing the high oxidizing ability of Berlin green, the fully oxidized form of Prussian blue. Afterwards non-conducting polymers were synthesized on the top surface of transition metal hexacyanoferrate-modified electrodes for immobilization of the enzyme [127],... 

In aqueous solutions, ROOH can react with p-methoxyphenol at pH > 8 however, at pH >10 the reaction slows down due to ROOH dissociation and a weak oxidative ability of the ROz anion. 

BrF, AgF, FOF, FKrF, FXeF) and its chemical properties as the result of oxidizing ability and reactivity of the fluorine atoms. The real conditions of the reaction system (temperature, pressure, agent content, reaction environment, the composition and properties of the initial agents and reaction products...) have a great influence on the chemical behavior of molecular fluorine, limiting or sharply increasing its chemical activity. 

In this respect XeF2 is similar to molecular fluorine. The relatively low oxidizing ability and reactivity ofXeF2 in the same type of chemical reactions is explained by its greater dissociation energy. The activation energy of the dissociation (XeF2-> XeF + F) is 190-210 kJ/mol. The XeF radicals are very weakly bound (EXcF = 58-80 kJ/mol) and can be an effective source ofF atoms.3... 

As in Air Quality Criteria for Photochemical Oxidants,our concern will be with the broad subject of oxidant pollution in the atmosphere and the net oxidizing ability of the contaminants in an air sample. The standard corrections or adjustments to remove interferences from the data have already been implied in the primary references in most cases. Therefore, we need not refer to the early distinction between oxidant or total oxidants and corrected or adjusted oxidant. ... 

As observed, aromatic hydrocarbons gave products of protonation on dissolution in hydrofluoric acid. Oxidation into aromatic cation-radicals did not take place (Kon and Blois 1958). Trifluoro-acetic acid is able to transform aromatics into cation-radicals. This acid is considered a middle-powered one-electron oxidant (Eberson and Radnor 1991). Its oxidative ability can be enhanced in the presence of lead tetraacetate. This mixture, however, should be used carefully to avoid oxidation deeper than the one-electron removal. Thus, oxidation of 1,2-phenylenediamine by the system Pb(OCOCH3)4 -I- CE3COOH -P CH2CI2 leads to the formation of either primary or secondary cation-radicals. The primary product is the cation radical of initial phenylenediamine, whereas the secondary product is the cation radical of dihydrophenazine (Omelka et al. 2001). Sulfuric acid is also used as an one-electron oxidant, especially for aromatic hydrocarbons. In this case, generation of cation radicals proceeds simultaneously with the hydrocarbon protonation and sulfonation (Weissmann et al. 1957). 

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