Xenopus embryo

Gross SD, Schwab MS, Lewellyn AL, Mailer JL 1999 Induction of metaphase arrest in cleaving Xenopus embryos by the protein kinase p90Rsk. Science 286 1365—1367 Gross SD, Schwab MS, Taieb FE, Lewellyn AL, Qian Y-W, Mailer JL 2000 The critical role of the MAP kinase pathway in meiosis II in Xenopus oocytes is mediated by p90Rsk. Curr Biol 10 430-438... 

Harris WA, Hartenstein V 1991 Neuronal determination without cell division in Xenopus embryos. Neuron 6 499-515... 

Newport J, Kirschner M 1982 A major developmental transition in early Xenopus embryos II. 

Sunderman, F.W., Jr., B.L. Mongillo, M.C. Plowman, and S.M. Brennan. 1990. Uptake and release of 63Ni2+ by Xenopus embryos during early cleavage stages. Biol. Metals 2 214-218. 

Rayburn, J. R., Bantle, J. A., Qualls, C. W. Jr., Friedman, M. (1995a). Protective effects of glucose-6-phosphate and NADP against a-chaconine-induced developmental toxicity in Xenopus embryos. Food Chem. Toxicol, 33, 1021-1025. 

Gimlich RL, Kumar NM, Gilula NB Sequence and developmental of mRNA coding for a gap junction protein in xenopus embryos. J Cell Biol 1988 107 1065-1073. 

Peracchia C, Shen L Gap junction channel reconstitution in artificial bilayers and evidence for calmodulin binding sites in MIP26 and connexins from rat heart, liver and xenopus embryo in Hall JE, Zampighi GA, Davis RM (eds) Gap Junctions. Progress in Cell Research, vol 3. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1993, pp 163-170. 

Dawson DA (1991) Additive incidence of developmental malformation for Xenopus embryos exposed to a mixture of 10 aliphatic carboxylic acids. Teratology, 44 531-546. 

Dawson, D.A., Schultz, T.W. and Hunter, R.S. (1996) Developmental toxicity of carboxylic acids to Xenopus embryos a quantitative structure-activity relationship and computer-automated structure evaluation. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen, 16, 109-124. 

Schmidt, J. E., Suzuki, A, Ueno, N., and Kimehnan D (1995) Localized BMP-4 mediates dorsal/ventral patterning in the early Xenopus embryo Dev Biol 169, 37-50. 

Suzuki, A, Thies, R S, Yamaji, N, Song, J. J., Wozuey, J. M., Murakami, K., and Ueno, N (1994) A truncated bone morphogenetic protein receptor affects dorsal-ventral patterning m the early Xenopus embryo Proc Natl Acad. Set USA 91, 10,255-10,259... 

Chen Y, Merzdorf C, Paul DL, Goodenough DA (1997) COOH terminus of occludin is required for tight junction barrier function in early Xenopus embryos. J Cell Biol 138 891-899... 

Transforming growth factor (3 (TGF(3) (that suppresses cell proliferation), the related develop-mentally important activins (involved in mesoderm induction) and bone morphogenetic proteins (involved in bone formation) act via PM-located transmembrane receptors that are Ser/Thr-specific PKs. Thus, TGF(3 binds to the extracellular domain of a specific TGF(3 receptor with the successive consequences of activation of the receptor Ser/Thr-specific PK activity, phosphorylation of a protein Mad to yield P-Mad and downstream consequences resulting in developmentally important specific gene expression. Thus, dorso-ventral differentiation in Xenopus embryos involves Mad-like proteins and a Mad-like gene is a tumour suppressor gene. 

Oxoretinol induces differentiation of cells in culture (Achkar et td., 1996). In the developing Xenopus embryo, 4-oxoretinaldehyde is the major retinoid, acting tis a precursor of both 4-oxoretinol and 4-oxoretinoic acid, both of which activate the RAR (Blumberg et al., 1996). This developmented role of... 

Blumberg B, Bolado J Jr., Derguini F, Craig AG, Moreno TA, Chakravarti D, Heyman RA, Buck J, and Evans RM (1996) Novel retinoic acid receptor ligands in Xenopus embryos. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences of the USA 93,4873-8. 

C. Meno, Y. Ito, Y. Saijoh, Y. Matsuda, K. Ikshiro, S. Kuhara, and H. Hamada. Two closely-related left-right asymmetrically expressed genes, lefty-1 and lefty-2, their distinct expression domains, chromosomal linkage and direct neuraiizing activity in Xenopus embryos. Cell, 82 (5), 803-814, 1995. 

Snawder, J.E., Chambers, J.E. (1993). Osteolathyrogenic effects of malathion in Xenopus embryos. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 212 210-16. 

Monetti, C., D. Vigetti, M. Prati, E. Sabbioni, G. Bemardini and R. Gornati. Gene expression in Xenopus embryos after methylmercury exposure a search for molecular biomarkers. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21 2731-2736, 2002. 

Newport, J. and Kirschner, M. (1982). A major developmental transition in early Xenopus embryo. II. Control of the onset of transcription. Cell 30 687-696. 

Snawder, J. E. and Chambers, J. E., Critical time periods and the effect of tryptophan in malathion-induced developmental defects in Xenopus embryos, Life Sci., 46, 1635, 1990. 

Maeda, R., Ishimura, A., Mood, K., Park, E.K., Buchberg, A.M., Daar, I.O. 2002. Xpbxlb and Xmeislb play a collaborative role in hindbrain and neural crest gene expression in Xenopus embryos. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 5448-5453. 

Chen, Y., Solursh, M. 1995. Mirror-image duplication of the primary axis and heart in Xenopus embryos by the overexpression of Msx-1 gene. J. Exp. Zool. 273, 170-174. 

Yamamoto, T.S., Takagi, C., Ueno, N. 2000. Requirement of XMax-1 in the BMP-triggered ventralization of Xenopus embryos. Mech. Dev. 91, 131-141. 

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