Collaborative roles

Echoing, for rhetorical effect, a sentiment that both Luxemburg and Lenin had uttered, Kollontay claimed that "it is impossible to decree communism. It can be created only in the process of practical research, through mistakes, perhaps, but only by the creative powers of the working class itself. While specialists and officials had a collaborative role of vital importance, "only those who are directly bound to industry can introduce into it animating innovations. ... 

Maeda, R., Ishimura, A., Mood, K., Park, E.K., Buchberg, A.M., Daar, I.O. 2002. Xpbxlb and Xmeislb play a collaborative role in hindbrain and neural crest gene expression in Xenopus embryos. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 5448-5453. 

The integration concepts depend primarily on collaboration roles, as highlighted in Fig. 21.12 [22]. In case of deep collaboration (development partnership, general... 

Government and University Research. Although the U.S. government played a leading role in the early development of computer graphics, it has come to play a more collaborative role with universities. A typical example is the Graphics and Visualization... 

The role of nitronium ion in the nitration of benzene was demonstrated by Sir Christo pher Ingold—the same per son who suggested the SnI and Sn2 mechanisms of nu cleophilic substitution and who collaborated with Cahn and Prelog on the R and S notational system... 

Computer-aided process synthesis systems do not mean completely automated design systems (57). Process synthesis should be carried out by interactive systems, in which the engineer s role is to carry out synthesis and the machine s role is to analy2e the performance of synthesized systems. Computet apphcations in the future will probably deal with the knowledge-based system in appHed artificial intelligence. Consequendy, research on computer-aided process synthesis should be directed toward the realization of such systems with the collaboration of experienced process engineers. 

Form collaboratives and define roles among key market participants and stakeholders to lead and manage the market transtormation initiative. 

References to the profitable exploitation of microscopic techniques in kinetic studies can be found in the work of Thomas and co-workers [91, 206—210], Herley et al. [211] and of Flanagan and his collaborators [212,213]. The rates of advance of reaction interfaces have been measured from direct observations on single crystals and the kinetic parameters so obtained are compared with results for mass loss determinations. The effects of the introduction of crystal imperfections and the role of such species in mechanisms of reaction are also considered. 

The authors are happy to acknowledge the help and support of those people and institutions who assisted in fulfilling the task of writing this book. The present English edition includes numerous original results obtained by the authors in cooperation with their graduate students and coworkers after publication of the Russian version of the book in 1982. We appreciate very much their collaboration and the important role of the seminar of the Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory in the Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of the Russian Academy, where most of them work. 

Many thanks are also expressed to Professor Milan Jaksic who spent years in our lab and played a significant role in our first aqueous and Nafion NEMCA studies. And to Dr. P. Stonehart who from the USA kept sending valuable samples and advice over the years. Also to Professors S. Ladas and S. Kennou for their precious collaboration in the first XPS studies proving O2 backspillover as the origin of NEMCA. 

Although, the project group worked in close collaboration throughout, each of the groups of partners had specific role in the project ... 

Such collaborations as represented in the project team have been described by Watts (1985) as important for the snccess of action research. He pointed ont that it is important for teachers to help each other by working collaboratively and that working with external colleagues supports them in their professional development. Our collaborative action research experience snpport these statements, namely it seems that the success of the investigation is to a great proportion due to the effective collaboration between the involved partners (the specific roles of partners are described earlier). 

Creation of a new understanding how to make TES happen is crucial, hence the introduction of the correct economic and environmental instrument is the single most important factor controlling the sustainable growth of renewable technology, hence effective international collaboration and awareness have an increasingly important role. 

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