Induction mesoderm

Kantor SJ, Glassman AH Delusional depression natural history and response to treatment. Br J Psychiatry 131 351-360, 1977 Kao KR, Ehnson RP Dorsalization of mesoderm induction by lithium. Dev Biol 132 81-90, 1989... 

Maslanski JA, Leshko L, Busa WB lithium-sensitive production of inositol phosphates during amphibian embryonic mesoderm induction. Science 256 243-245, 1992... 

Transforming growth factor (3 (TGF(3) (that suppresses cell proliferation), the related develop-mentally important activins (involved in mesoderm induction) and bone morphogenetic proteins (involved in bone formation) act via PM-located transmembrane receptors that are Ser/Thr-specific PKs. Thus, TGF(3 binds to the extracellular domain of a specific TGF(3 receptor with the successive consequences of activation of the receptor Ser/Thr-specific PK activity, phosphorylation of a protein Mad to yield P-Mad and downstream consequences resulting in developmentally important specific gene expression. Thus, dorso-ventral differentiation in Xenopus embryos involves Mad-like proteins and a Mad-like gene is a tumour suppressor gene. 

The Roles of Dpp and Its Downstream Effectors in Dorsal Mesoderm Induction... 

Yin, Z. and Frasch, M. (1998). Regulation and funetion of tinman during dorsal mesoderm induction and heart specification in Drosophila. Dev. Genet. 22 187-200. 

Hama J, Xu H, Goldfarb M, Weinstein DC. 2001. SNT-l/FRS2alpha physically interacts with Laloo and mediates mesoderm induction by fibroblast growth factor. Mech Dev 109(2) 195-204. 

Inductive interactions play a major role in early development, and one of the earliest such interactions in amphibian development, and perhaps the in development of all vertebrates, is mesoderm induction (1-5). Mesoderm induction occurs at blastula stages, when a signal from the vegetal hemisphere of the embryo acts on overlying equatorial cells, causing them to form mesoderm rather than ectoderm. This interaction was first discovered in experiments in which prospective ectodermal tissue of the embryo (the so-called animal cap ) is juxtaposed with future endoderm from the vegetal hemisphere (Fig. 1). When cultured alone, the animal caps form epidermis when cultured adjacent to vegetal pole blastomeres, they form mesoderm. 

Fig. 1. Mesoderm induction. Cells from the animal hemisphere of the embryo are juxtaposed with cells from the vegetal hemisphere.

The result of a mesoderm induction assay may be score in several ways. In... 

Mesoderm induction assays are usually very reliable. However ... 

Gotoh, Y., Masuyama, N., Suzuki, A., Ueno, N., and Nishida, E. (1995) Involvement of the MAP kinase cascade in Xenopus mesoderm induction. EMBO J. 14, 2491-2498. 

LaBonne, C., Burke, B., and Whitman, M. (1995) Role of MAP kinase in mesoderm induction and axial patterning during Xenopus development. Development 121,1475-1486. 

Symes, K. and Smith, J. C. (1987) Gastrulation movements provide an early marker of mesoderm induction in Xenopus. Development 101,339-349. 

Hemmati-Brivanlou, A. and Melton, D. A. (1992) A truncated activin receptor inhibits mesoderm induction and formation of axial structures in Xenopus embryos. Nature 359, 609-614. 

Zhang, R, Li, J., Tan, Z. et al. 2008. Short-term bmp-4 treatment initiates mesoderm induction in human embryonic stem cells. Blood 111(4) 1933-41. 

Common Mesodermal Inductive Factors Aspects of Embryogenesis That Influence the Expression of Mesodermal Inductive Factors... 

Mesoderm develops from brachyury-expressing PS cells, and early mesoderm induction in this population is characterized by the upregulation of fetal liver kinase (Flk)-1 (kinase insert domain receptor (BCDR) in human) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (Kataoka et al. 1997 Ema et al. 2006 ... 

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