World collective

In addition to their tremendous value as arehives of information about the past state of the Earth s environment, speleothems have an aesthetie value that satisfies the euriosity of all eave visitors. For this reason, we promote eonservation guidelines that have been set in plaee to preserve the quahty of cave environments. In many regions of the world, collection of speleothems is prohibited by legislation. Even if permission is obtained, the utmost effort should be made to minimize the impact of sampling. 

Herrera-Cervera JA, CabaUero-Mellado J, Laguerre G, Tichy HV, Requena N, Amarguer N, Martinez-Romero E, Olivares J, Sanjuan J (1999) At least five rhizobial species nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris in a Spanish soil. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 30 87-97 Hidalgo R (1988) The Phaseolus world collection. In Gepts P (ed) Genetic resources of Phaseolus beans. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 67-90... 

Lioi L (1989) Geographical variation of phaseolin patterns in an old world collection of Phaseolus vulgaris. Seed Sci Technol 17 317-324... 

The exclusion principle is one example of an emergent property. It cannot be predicted, or even formulated, from all the known properties of a single electron, but emerges as an inevitable property of a world collective of electrons, or other fermions - particles with half a unit of spin angular momentum. 

A great variation in fatty acid, oil, and protein levels occurs in the world collection of safflower seeds. Knowles s pioneering work in understanding and subsequently finding ways to modify these differences inspired many researchers to publish extensively on this subject (34, 84). Recently, most research on safflower oil modification has been performed in the United States by private planting seed companies and by the Sidney Experiment Station of Montana State University little has been published. 

Bekuzarova, S. A., Chebotaeva. S. A. (1988). Economic biological and biochemical description of standards of world collection of clover grassland Backlogs of increase of... 

Kobylyansky, V. D. (1981). Guidelines for the study ofthe world collection of rye. (Eds.) Leningrad. All-Union Institute of Plant Growing of Vavilov N I., 20 p. (In Russian). 

Shilova, A.V. 2012. Features of engineering geological structure territory industrial site in Berezniki, Permskiy krai, Russia. Geology of the developing world collection of scientific articles based on V scientific-practical. Conf. stud., pg. and young scientists with int. participation, Perm, Russia, 26-29 April 2012. (Perm. State, nat. res. Univ.) 9-12. Perm. 

Collecting is still important to the study of biodiversity it provides the baseline of evidence upon which we make hypotheses about the natural world. Collecting, however, does not need to always be the same. Different taxa require different collecting strategies, and the different uses to which collections are put should be... 

Pospgilova, D., 1973. Research of World Collection of the Grapevine Varieties. KVUVV, Bratislava. 135 pp. 

The real world is one of uncertainty. Suppose we are carrying out a reaction. We have obtained a product. In the beginning we observe a total uncertainty regarding the molecule. We have no information about its composition, the constitution of the skeleton, its stereochemical features, its physical properties, its biological activities, etc. Step by step, by routine experiments, we collect data. When the acquisition of the structural information is complete there is no uncertainty, at least about its structure. Well, we may not have perfect experiments, so this will require us to reserve space for the missing relevant information. However, it is rather more noise than genuine uncertainty, which, by the way, will never be eliminated. 

The World Patent Index of Derwent Information Ltd. is a broad collection of international value-added patent documents from 40 patent-issuing authorities. The bibliographic database contains 11.6 million patent records with 5.5 million images (October, 2002) and grows by 1.5 million patent documents each year. The classified and indexed documents (since 1963) are sometimes provided wdth additional abstracts or significant titles. 

Research Across Conventional Fines, Collection of papers of George Olah and Commentary (ed. with Prakash), World Scientific Pubk, Singapore, 2001 (in press). 

In a world increasingly conscious of the dangers of contact with chemicals, a process that is conducted within the walls of a vacuum chamber, such as the VDP process for parylene coatings, offers great advantages. Provided the vacuum pump exhaust is appropriately vented and suitable caution is observed in cleaning out the cold trap (trace products of the pyrolysis, which may possibly be dangerous, would collect here), the VDP parylene process has an inherently low potential for operator contact with hazardous chemicals. 

A method for the fractionation of plasma, allowing albumin, y-globulin, and fibrinogen to become available for clinical use, was developed during World War II (see also Fractionation, blood-plasma fractionation). A stainless steel blood cell separation bowl, developed in the early 1950s, was the earhest blood cell separator. A disposable polycarbonate version of the separation device, now known as the Haemonetics Latham bowl for its inventor, was first used to collect platelets from a blood donor in 1971. Another cell separation rotor was developed to faciUtate white cell collections. This donut-shaped rotor has evolved to the advanced separation chamber of the COBE Spectra apheresis machine. 

Procedures for the collection of whole blood are similar throughout the world. An interval from at least 8 weeks (United States) to 12 weeks (United Kingdom) is required between a donation of 450 mL blood, which yields about 250 mL plasma. In some countries a smaller volume of blood is collected, eg, 350—400 mL in Italy, Greece, and Turkey and as Httie as 250 mL in some Asian countries (147). Regulations concerning plasmapheresis donations vary more widely across the world eg, up to 300 mL of plasma can be taken in Europe in contrast to 1000 mL in the United States, both on a weekly basis. Consequentiy, both the mode of donation and the country in which it is given can have a profound effect on plasma collection (Table 6). 

Sources ndProcessing. Harvesting or collection of red seaweed is carried out by hand and is labor intensive. In some areas of the world this is accomphshed by divers. In other places the seaweed can be collected at low tide by wading or from small boats. After collection, the seaweed is dried and bleached in the sun prior to baling. 

Secondary Lead. The emphasis in technological development for the lead industry in the 1990s is on secondary or recycled lead. Recovery from scrap is an important source for the lead demands of the United States and the test of the world. In the United States, over 70% of the lead requirements are satisfied by recycled lead products. The ratio of secondary to primary lead increases with increasing lead consumption for batteries. WeU-organized collecting channels are requited for a stable future for lead (see BATTERIES, SECONDARY CELLS Recycling NONFERROUS METALS). 

The traditional natural resins are collected or isolated from trees, primarily in the more moderate climates of the world. Before World War II, annual consumption of these resins in the United States was about 18,000—23,000 t. This dropped to about 9000 t/yr by the late 1940s. The total imported volume in 1995 is estimated at <500 t. These resins have been replaced by synthetic resins in most industrial appHcations. Traditional natural resins are sold in bulk quantities for about 1.32— 6.60/kg. Special grades of these resins are sold for as much as 132/kg. The largest importer of traditional natural resins is P. 

According to statistics collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (3), U.S. production of cmde talc in 1995 was 1,050,000 metric tons. Montana, Texas, Vermont, and New York were the principal producing U.S. states. Worldwide production was estimated to be 5,845,000 t. China, having 2,400,000 t, was the largest producer in the world after China and the United States, Finland, India, Brazil, France, Italy, and Canada are the next principal producers. World production of talc in 1994 is Hsted in Table 1. 

Guayule, potentially a source of natural mbber, is an unusual crop in that it has been an article of commerce in the past. Guayule grows wild in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. When the leaves are milled in water, a latex is released that coagulates into natural mbber worms. These can easily be collected and relatively easily refined to give a product that is almost identical to the natural mbber from southeast Asia. During World War II there were several thousand acres of guayule planted in California and a small plant estabUshed to extract the mbber for military use. After the war. 

Other coal sample banks are also in existence. The Penn State Sample Bank at Peimsylvania State University has the most diverse collection of samples (86). The Illinois Basin Coal Sample Program at the Illinois State Geological Survey specializes in samples from the Illinois Basin (89). The European Center for Coal Specimens has a significant collection of samples from the entire world and is located in Eygelshoven in The Netherlands (88). Each makes samples available in kilogram quantities. 

Worth noting is the fact that Barkers method does not require experimental yf values. Thus the correlating parameters Ot, b, and so on, can be ev uated from a P-X data subset. Common practice now is, in fact, to measure just such data. They are, of course, not subject to a test for consistency by the Gibbs/Duhem equation. The worlds store of X T.E data has been compiled by Gmehling et al. (Vapor-Liquid Lquilibiium Data Collection, Chemistiy Data Series, vol. I, parts 1-8, DECHEMA, Frankfurt am Main, 1979-1990). 

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