Works of reference

(1999). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Cambridge. Muller, R.A. (1985). Dictionary of Catin and Greek Theological Terms. Drawn principally from Protestant Scholastic Theology. Carlisle. 

---

The number of reactions that can run away is enormous, Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards [1] lists about 4,700 chemicals that have been involved in hazardous reactions of one sort or another, and there are more than 20,000 cross-references to entries involving more than one chemical. It is an essential work of reference for the chemist, the process engineer, and everyone involved in process safety. All I can do here is give a few examples to illustrate the reasons why runaways occur. 

Detailed information about behaviour of specific chemicals is given in several works of reference . ... 

Pressure losses due to pipe friction can be calculated from the basic formulas established by Reynolds and others. However, as with the calculation of heat transfer factors, this would be a time-consuming process and some of the parameters are not known accurately. Recourse is usually made to simplified estimates or tables published in works of reference [32, 33]. 

Table 14.1 shows recommended storage conditions for a few basic products. Comprehensive tables will be found in standard works of reference [36, 37]. In the event of a product being encountered which cannot be found in general references, information can often be obtained from agricultural and other research establishments. 

The heat input from human occupants depends on their number (or an estimate of the probable number) and intensity of activity. This must be split into sensible and latent loads. The standard work of reference is CIBSE Table A7.1, an excerpt from which is shown in Table 23.2. 

Frictional resistance to air flow of fittings such as bends, branches and other changes of shape or direction will depend on the shape of the fitting and the velocity, and such figures are tabulated with factors to be multiplied by the velocity pressure. Tables of such factors can be found in standard works of reference [1, 4, 55]. 

Various types of derivatisation have now been developed for both gas and liquid chromatography. For more detailed information regarding the choice of a suitable derivative for a particular analytical problem, the appropriate works of reference should be consulted.62,63... 

It is the mid-infrared region that is used for the study of molecular vibrations and is therefore of greatest importance in the present context. The first studies in the mid-IR on catalysis were by Eischens and Pliskin (1958) whose review is still a standard work of reference. 

The initial objective of this series of books has been to establish a coherent body of explanatory information on the principles and application technology of relevance for students preparing to take the Associateship examinations of the Society. This particular book has been directed specifically to the subject areas covered by Section A of Paper B the organic chemistry and application of dyes and pigments and of the auxiliaries used with them in textile coloration processes. However, many qualified chemists and colourists interested in the properties of colorants and their auxiliaries have found the First Edition useful as a work of reference. For several reasons it has been convenient to divide the material into two separate volumes 1. Colorants, 2. Auxiliaries. Although fluorescent brighteners share some features in common with colorants, they have been treated as auxiliary products in this book. 

It is beyond the scope of this section to discuss the complex physico-chemical parameters of solubilisation in detail. Useful relevant works of reference are available [332-335]. It follows, however, that since solubilisation is essentially an extension of emulsification (or dispersion), the factors discussed in section 9.8.3 in regard to emulsification are also pertinent to solubilisation. Theory in this area is a useful guide but much still depends on... 

While we have attempted to produce volumes that are comprehensive and clinically relevant, they are not intended to be authoritative works of reference. Thus, we have been restrictive in the use of references, preferring instead to add additional reading lists, or references to recent reviews, at the end of individual chapters. We hope this will be useful for readers wishing to supplement the material covered in the volumes. 

The monograph of Condon and Shortley [2] was a major work of reference for a whole generation of spectroscopists [20]. It treats an atom in the central-field approximation and it does not require deep knowledge of the theory of groups. 

This book differs from the author s earlier work, The Electrochemistry of Solutions, in being less comprehensive and in giving less detail. While the latter is primarily a work of reference, the present book is more suited to the needs of students of physical chemistry, and to those of chemists, physicists and physiologists whose work brings them in contact with a variety of electrochemical problems. As the title implies, the book should also serve as an introductory text for those who intend to specialize in cither the theoretical or practical applications of electrochemistry. 

In the case of very long papers, two page-references are often given, one for the first page of the paper and the second (in brackets) for the page on which the statement in the text is to be found. In some works of reference the actual page in a paper is quoted, so that many apparently different references are really to the same paper. 

This book by my pupil, which I present to the Italian public, is a complete account of the information and facts obtained with scrupulous diligence from very various sources, explained with clarity and scientific precision, so that it constitutes a trustworthy and practical work of reference for chemists and of information for students of this subject. 

Geue et al. investigated the thermal erasure of SRGs obtained via light-driven mass transport, at various temperatures, which allowed them to estimate the activation energy for erasure to be 2.6 eV. For erasing at T < Tg, the SRG was erased by flow of polymer material perpendicular to the initial surface, accompanied by the formation of an intrinsic density grating, as commented on in the work of reference 95. At T > Tg, the lateral density modulation was equalized by a lateral flow of material. 

The standard work of reference is Fowler and Guggenheim [20]. An excellent introduction is given by G. S. Rushbrooke, Introduction to Statistical Mechanics, (Oxford, 1949). 

A standard work of reference on intermolecular forces is due to appear very shortly.] The different methods of approach to the study of intermolecular forces between like and unhke molecules are carefully discussed in this book. These methods include studies of both thermodynamic properties (e.g. virial coefficients) and also of non-equilibrium measurements (e.g. thermal conductivity, diffusion and thermal diffusion). 

First, Campbell and Machin can be recommended as a very basic text aimed at medical undergraduates. Second, Dawson-Saunders and Trapp is an impressive text suitable for postgraduates dealing with real data. One of the authors is a statistician and the other a physician, and the combination of statistical expertise and medical relevance makes this book exceptionally interesting. Finally, Altman has written a most valuable book which can act both as a textbook and as a work of reference. Douglas... 

The publication of this volume continues the supplementation of the second edition of Rodd s Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, thus keeping this major work of reference up-to-date. In this volume Chapters 28 to 35 of the second edition are brought up-to-date and the supplement covers the advances that have occurred in the decade since the publication of Volume IVG in 1978. 

This book is mainly intended for the younger scientific generation. For teachers it tries to encourage a form of teaching close to practical real-life TLC analysis, and the many practical tips also offer invaluable support for the less experienced users in industrial and official laboratories. Last but not least, it can be used by the analyst in a pharmaceutical laboratory as a work of reference. 

When the chlorine of PMCA is replaced by F, the PE rate ratio decreases from 1.8 to OA (2). This large difference was attributed to the difference in bond dissociation energies betweeen C-Cl and C-F the C-F bond dissociation energy is 107 kcal/mole compared to that for C-Cl of 80 kcal/mole. To check this hypothesis further, the alpha-Br analog, (CH2 C(Br)C02CH3 was synthesized, tested and found to etch at a ratio of 2.0. Thus replacement of the C-F bond with an even weaker C-Br bond (D=67 kcal/mole) has lead to a less dry-process compatible polymeric resist, consistent with the earlier work of reference 2. 

The book tries to treat all physicochemical aspects of importance for foods and food processing. On the one hand, this means that it gives more than most teachers will want to treat in a course, so that a selection should be made. On the other hand, it makes the book also suitable as a work of reference. Some additional factual information is given in the appendix. 

It would be quite out of place in a work such as this to describe the detailed features of all, or even of many, of the several thousand crystal structures now known, especially as such descriptions are already available in the invaluable works of reference, cited in appendix i, which crystallographers are fortunate in having at their disposal. Our concern with individual structures lies primarily in the principles which they illuminate, and in so far as detailed descriptions are necessary they will be confined to structures of common occurrence and general interest. Frequently the detailed features of a structure are unimportant or insignificant so that an idealized or simplified description will serve our purpose, and sometimes a purely qualitative account of only certain aspects of a structure will suffice to illustrate the general principles involved. 

Figure 1 shows the 13C NMR spectrum of the polymer obtained by subjecting a sample of PVC to a two-pass n-Bu3SnH reduction. The PVC used was identical to that used in the work of reference (12), and the absence of resonances at 26.7 and 39.1 ppm (corresponding to carbons p and y to isolated secondary halogen (12)) demonstrates that the reduction was essentially complete (the carbon a to chlorine, if present, would have appeared at 63.7 ppm.) (An erroneous chemical shift value was previously reported for this carbon (12)). However, the a-methyl-ene resonance at 32.7 ppm now has vanished entirely. This resonance also failed to appear in the spectrum of the polymer obtained from the same... 

---