Workers protective clothing

BS 5438 forms the basic test method referred to in BS 6249 [67] and EN 532 [57], which are used to specify protective clothing. Other tests for protective clothing include BS EN 531 [68], which relates to workers protective clothing other than that used by fire fighters and welders. 

Nitronaphthalene is metabolized to the carcinogenic 2-naphthylarnine in the human body (39). Respirators, protective clothing, proper engineering controls, and medical monitoring programs for workers involved in making by-product 2-nitronaphthalene should be used. 

Storage, Shipping, and Handling. Phosphoms pentachloride is in the EPA extreme ha2ardous substance Hst. It is treated as a dammable sohd, and containers in which it is stored or shipped must be affixed with a yellow acid label DOT UN No. 1806. In general, the pentachloride should be handled with the same precautions that are used with the trichloride. Protective clothing should be worn by workers handling the pentachloride and gas masks should be used when personnel are exposed to the vapors. 

Current OSHA standards specify the threshold limit value (TLV) 8-h exposure to ammonia as 50 ppm (35 mg/m ). However, the ACGIH recommends a TLV of 25 ppm (96). Respiratory protection should be provided for workers exposed to ammonia. Protective clothing such as mbber aprons, boots, gloves, and goggles should be worn when handling ammonia. 

Barium metal and most barium compounds are highly poisonous. A notable exception is barium sulfate which is nontoxic because of its extreme iasolubihty ia water. Barium ion acts as a muscle stimulant and can cause death through ventricular fibrillation of the heart. Therefore, care must be taken to avoid contact with open areas of the skin. Workers must wear respirators (of type approved for toxic airborne particles), goggles, gloves, and protective clothing at all times. The toxic barium aluminate residue obtained from barium production is detoxified by reaction with a solution of ferrous sulfate and converted iato nontoxic barium sulfate. According to OSHA standards, the TWA value for Ba and Ba compounds ia air is 0.5 mg/m. ... 

Provide protective clothing for workers when a significant quantity of asbestos is liable to be deposited on their clothes. 

AMD 1 Protective clothing for workers exposed to heat (AMD 10302J dated January 1999. Partially superseded BS 1547 1959... 

Controls degree of work exposure Protective clothing Head, eye, hand, and foot protection Additional protection (e.g., hearing) and hazard Expedites quick entry and response Reduces worker efficiency Requires professional health and safety coverage Requires specialized training certifications Generates waste... 

FIGURE 9-7. These protected workers are demonstrating the buddy system. They appear to be trying to communicate with each other. Hand signals or communication should be agreed on prior to the inception of work activities. Protective clothing can inhibit communication. Photo courtesy of DuPont TyvelCl Tychenf protective apparel... 

Many operations may expose the workers to dust, fumes, gases, etc., and apart from causing personnel injuries these may lead to human errors. This is because protective clothing and apparatus is usually uncomfortable. Attempts to get the job finished quickly may therefore result in errors. 

The main aspect of the job of the top floor person is to pump solvents or oil to various reactors and blenders. Instructions are issued on a job-card or by phone. The instructions are entered in a log book (which is kept by the top floor worker) and on a record card which has to be returned to the laboratory at the end of the shift. To prepare for pumping, protective clothing must be worn. After the required amoimt of solvent is set on the meter, the worker has to connect the meter and the pipeline with a hose and then open the valve on the pipeline (see Figure 7.10). Before starting the pump, the blender valve... 

Endosulfan and metabolites were observed in the urine of workers who had prepared and applied endosulfan for 2-5 hours either 1 day or 1 week prior to sampling, without using protective clothing or face mask (thus, exposure was probably both dermal and inhalation) (Vidal et al. 1998). Unchanged a-and P-endosulfan and endosulfan ether were the predominant chemicals excreted 1 day following exposure. One week after exposure, a-endosulfan was detected in urine of four of five workers, but P-endosulfan was detected in only one of five samples and endosulfan ether was not detected at all. Endosulfan sulfate was detected in only one of five samples at 1 week after exposure and in none of the four samples at 1 day postexposure. Endosulfan lactone was detected in one of four and one of five samples at 1 day and 1 week after exposure, respectively. 

Based on the patch method to assess worker or re-entry exposure, researchers have developed a database, which may be used to estimate exposure. Each patch from an individual in a study can be entered into the database separately, the residue data from patches from various body areas can be summed to yield a whole-body exposure number, and the data may be sorted as to worker tasks, equipment used, protective clothing worn, formulation types and other parameters. This is the basis for the currently used Pesticide Handlers Data Base (PHED), which was developed through a joint effort in the 1980s of CropLife America [formerly known as American Crop Protection Association (ACPA) and National Agricultural Chemicals Association (NACA)], the Environmental Protection Agency (ERA) and Health Canada. " The PHED is discussed in detail in another article in this book. 

Decision as to possible health hazards in mass production preliminary information on type of hazard which might exist in mass manufacture Safety of equipment necessity for ventilation, safe atmospheric concentration selection of suitable physical protective devices for workers (respirators, protective clothing, showers) procedure for medical treatment in emergency if this requires special equipment Decision as to health services needed at plant plan of preventive medicine (including selection of workers according to expected degree of exposure and methods of periodic check on health)... 

In this part of the study, the internal dose of propoxur was assessed for HV applicators (n = 9) and harvesters (n = 18) using biological monitoring in two trials. In the first trial, workers wore their normal work clothing, followed by a trial where the same workers wore additional protective clothing. The minimum period between the two trials was 5 days. 

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