Phyllanthus niruri

From the family Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthus niruri L. yielded the new alkaloid nirurine (105) in addition to the former reported occurrence of 4-methoxynorsecurinine and norsecurinine in the same plant (115,116). The structure of (105) was elucidated by analysis of spectral data and X-ray crystallography (117). The pyrrolizidine alkaloid phalaenopsine La (106)... 

A reference for this method is P. S. Venkateswaran, 1. Millman, and B. S. Blumberg, Effect of an extract from Phyllanthus niruri on hepatitis B and woodchuck hepatitis viruses in vitro and in vivo studies, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 1987, 84, 274-278, which is incorporated herein by reference. 

Phyllanthus niruri Euphorbiaceae Whole plant Khanna et al. (2002)... 

Ethyl brevifolin carboxylate Phyllanthus niruri (Euphorbiaceae) AR (rat lens) (5)... 

Geetha, J., Manjula, R., S lathi, S., Usha, K. Efficacy of essential phospholipid substance of Soya bean oil and Phyllanthus niruri in acute viral hepatitis. J. Gen. Med. (India) 1992 4 53-58... 

ADVENTITIOUS AND HAIRY ROOT CULTURES OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI... 

Phyllanthus niruri L., a small plant which grows mainly in tropical and subtropical regions in Central and South American countries, and in India, is one of the most important traditional medicines used for the treatment of Jaundice, asthma, hepatitis and urolitic disease. Intensive chemical examinations of this plant have been carried out and several constituents such as lignans (79-81), alkaloids (82-84), flavonoids (85), tannins (86) and phthalic acid (87) have been identified. In addition, especially in this decade, several pharmacological experiments have also been reported (88, 89). In spite of many phytochemical and biochemical investigations, there have been only a few reports on tissue culture of this plant. 

Ikble 8 Contents of 1 -3 and 2 8-31 in different cultures of Phyllanthus niruri... 

Source Phyllanthus niruri, P.urinaria. Biological activity Not confirmed. 

Rouffiac and Parello 64) isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. an alkaloid as yet unnamed whose NMR and mass spectra are identical with those of norsecurinine (Section III, A) and to which solely on the basis of physical and spectral data has been assigned the optical antipode structure of norsecurinine (164a). 

Hussain et al. [202] isolated three lignans from Phyllanthus niruri which were identified as phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin and nirtetralin. They were also found to inhibit [125I]-ET-1 binding to the recombinant human ETA receptor expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-ETa), but were inactive against the recombinant ETb receptor. Hypophyllanthin was the most potent compound, with an IC50 value of 40 pM. 

Phyllanthus niruri aboveground parts, whole plant... 

Nigeria.Its structure was deduced solely on the basis of spectral evidence and was elucidated as an analog of securinine with a pyrrolidine A ring instead of a piperidine. Therefore, the term norsecurinine was introduced. Later, the same compound was isolated from a Securinega virosa species native to Formosa. This compound corresponded to (—)-norsecurinine. However, as in the case of securinine, the enantiomeric (+)-form was found too and could be isolated from Phyllanthus niruri and also Phyl-lanthus discoideus Finally, the structure of norsecurinine was fuUy assigned by spectroscopic methods and further secured by the X-ray analysis of its hydrochloride salt crystals.However, the tendency of the free base to polymerize was early observed.These polymers are now well-known and characterized as norsecurinine-based oligomers. 

NMR chemical shift of H2 was higher when compared to that of isobubbialine and was similar to that of securitinine, which possess an a-H2. The value for the optical rotation was low ([a]D = —14.5, solvent not given) but the sign was opposite to that of isobubbialine (42) and their CD spectra were inverted with respect to each other. Thus, epibubbialine (43) was considered as the C2 epimer of bubbialine (40). This compound was recently isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. and its structure confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. 

Phyllanthus niruri C02/water 30, 60, 100 C/100, Gallic acid, ellagic Markom et al. 

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