Pinus monticola

Hanover, J. W. 1966a. Inheritance of 3-carene concentration in Pinus monticola. Forest Sci. 12 447 50. 

Pinus monticola. Further studies on the oleoresin of the white cypress, Callitris columellaris, show that it contains cis- and trans-communic acids, communic acid, sandaracopimaric acid, and 7-oxo-4-epidehydroabietic acid. Dundathic acid is a polymer of communic acid containing ca. four diterpenoid units. 

The stereochemistries of the three isomeric onoceranediol diacetates have been assigned.150 Wightianol-A (181) and -B (182) from Lycopodium wightianum (Lyco-podiaceae)151 and 3a-hydroxy-14-serraten-21-one (183)152 and the novel norser-ratene (184)153 from Pinus monticola (Pinaceae) are new natural products. The... 

Anticopalic acid has been found in the needles and wood of Pinus strobus and in the wood of Pinus monticola. The diterpenoid constituents of Juniperus phoenica include manoyl oxide, eperuene diol, labd-8-ene-l2-hydroxy-19-oic acid (13), sandaracopimaric acid, and 6a-hydroxysandaracopimaric acid. Imbricatalic acid (14) has been isolatedas its methyl ester from Pinus elliottii. 

Wax esters usually constitute a minor component in suberin-associated waxes. In the periderms of underground storage organs they comprised 1% to 7% of the total wax (116), and there were no detectable wax esters in the suberin-associated wax from the periderm surrounding the crystal idioblasts of Agave americana (117). In many cases where wax esters have been reported to be components of bark waxes, they comprised an unknown or low percentage of wax — e.g., Pinus monticola (7%) (82), Pinus contorta (9%) (389) and Pinus banksiana (7%) (387). 

While sapwood contains very little sterol in the ester form (traces to 0.15 moles/g, dry weight basis), the amount rises strongly to about 1.1 moles/g in the inner heartwood (37, 38). Holl and Pieczonka (38) found the acid component of the esters in both cases was comprised of a number of fatty acids. In terms of the usual nomenclature (chain length number of double bonds), the fatty acid composition of the steryl esters in spruce heartwood was found to be 12 0 (10%), 14 0(12%), 16 0(20%), 16 1 (12%), 18 0(14%), 18 1 (16%), 18 2(5%), and unidentified (11%). The composition varied only slightly from this in sapwood. In both sapwood and heartwood of the spruce, the ester was a minor form of the total sterol. The ester to free sterol ratio was about 1 2 in the inner heartwood (37). Sitosterol and other sterols have also been found to exist partly in the ester form in the heartwood of angiosperms - e.g., the slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) (24). Similarly, the sterols in the bark of the western white pine (Pinus monticola) are partly (60%) esterified (13). In both heartwood and bark the steryl composition of the ester fraction approximately reflected the composition of the free sterol fraction in that sitosterol was the major component followed by its 24-methyl analogs (13, 37). A similar situation has been observed with non-woody angiosperms - e.g., Zea mays (71). 

Andrews, D.S. 1980. Rooting western white pine (Pinus monticola Dough) needle fascicles and branch cuttings (vegetative propagation). USDA Forest Service Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Research Note INT-291. Ogden, UT. 11 pp. 

Bruns, D., and J.N. Owens. 2000. Western white pine Pinus monticola Dough) reproduction II. Fertilization and cytoplasmic inheritance. Sex. Plant Reprod. 13 75-84. 

Chuine, L, G.E. Rehfeldt and S.N. Aitken. 2006. Height growth determinants and adaptation to temperature in pines A case study of Pinus contorta and Pinus monticola. Can. J. For. Res. 36 1059-1066. 

Davidson, J., and A.K.M. Ekramoddoullah. 1997. Analysis of bark proteins in blister rust-resistant and susceptible western white pine Pinus monticola). Tree Physiol. 17 663-669. 

Dumroese, R.K. 2000. Germination-enhancing techniques for Pinus monticola seeds and speculation on seed dormancy. Seed Sci. Technol. 28 201-209. 

Graham R.T. 1990. Pinus monticola. Pp. 385-394 in R.M. Burns and B.H. Honkala (tech, coordinators), SUvics of North America, Vol. 1. USDA Agric. Handbook 654. Washington, DC. 

Hunt, R.S., and M.D. Meagher. 1989. Incidence of blister rust on resistant white pine (Pinus monticola and Pinus strobus) in coastal British Columbia plantations. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 11 419-423. 

Lapp, M.S., J. Malinek and M. Coffey. 1996. Microculture of western white pine Pinus monticola) by induction of shoots on bud explants from 1- to 7-year-old trees. Tree Physiol. 16 447-451. 

Leaphart, C.D., and A.R. Stage. 1971. Climate A factor in the origin of the pole blight disease of Pinus monticola Dougl. Ecology 52 229-239. 

Meagher, M.D., R.S. Hunt, E.E. White and A.K.M. Ekramoddoullah. 1990. Improvement of Pinus monticola for British Columbia, Canada. Pp. 50-55 in Proceedings of a symposium on white pine provenances and breeding. USDA Forest Service Northeast Forest Experiment Station General Technical Report NE-155. Radnor, PA. 

Rehfeldt, G.E. 1979. Ecotypic differentiation in populations of Pinus monticola in north Idaho - myth or reality. Am. Nat. 114 627-636. 

Steinhoff, R.J. 1979a. Variation in early height growth of western white pine Pinus monticola in North Idaho. USDA Forest Service Forest Intermountain Service Forest and Range Experiment Station Research Paper INT-222. Ogden, UT. 22 pp. 

Steinhoff, R.J. 1979b. Variation in western white pine Pinus monticola. Pp. 52-54 in Proceedings of the annual Western Interior Forest Diseases Working Conference. USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Fort Collins, CO. 

Wellner, C.A. 1965. Silvics of western white pine Pinus monticola Dough). Pp. 478-487 in H.A. Fowells (compiler), Silvics of forest trees of the United States. USDA Agric. Handbook 271. Washington, DC. 

White, E.E. 1990. Chloroplast DNA in Pinus monticola. 2. Survey of within-species variability and detection of heteroplasmic individuals. Theor. Appl. Genet. 79 251-255. 

Zavarin, E., K. Snajberk and L. Cool. 1990. Monoterpene variability of Pinus monticola wood. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 18 117-124. 

Attempts at intergeneric in vitro hybridisation resulted in western larch pollen germinating and penetrating archegonia of Pinus monticola (western white pine). However, successful fertilisation did not occur (Dumont-BeBoux et al, 1998). 

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