Weather tropical storms

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The NWS issues warnings when hurricanes appear to be a threat to the US mainland, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Hawaii, and the Pacific Territories. As soon as conditions intensify to the tropical storm level even thongh thousands of miles from the mainland, the storm receives a name, and the Weather Service begins issning advisories. The advisories are issued every 3 h, or less, as it nears. Location, wind intensity, speed, and direction are given. As a hurricane moves toward the mainland, hurricane watch notices are issued. 

The 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron, known as the Hurricane Hunters of the Air Force Reserve, has been flying into tropical storms and hurricanes since 1944. The squadron s planes fly into the storms and send data directly to the National Hurricane Center by satellite. 

Weather refers to relatively short-term variations in the state of the atmosphere as expressed by temperature, cloud cover, precipitation, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and wind. Longterm weather eonditions are called climate. Weather is driven by redistribution of energy in the atmosphere. A particularly important aspect of this redistribution is the energy released when precipitation forms, which is the main driving force behind thunderstorms and tropical storms. 

Cyclones are large-scale storms characterized by low pressure in the center surrounded by circular wind motion. The United States National Weather Service technical definition of a tropical cyclone (National... 

Hurricanes predominantly effect the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of North America. These weather systems can also occur in other regions of the world where they may be identified by other names such as typhoons or tropical cyclones. Hurricanes that effect North America are spawned over the western Atlantic Ocean and usually develop between July and September. These weather systems are very powerful and can affect the weather pattern for hundreds of miles (kilometers) from the center of the storm. The National Weather Service can usually provide a 2-3 day warning to those areas in the expected path of a hurricane. 

The night of our takeoff was one of tropical rain squalls, and flashes of lightning stabbed into the darkness with disconcerting regularity. The weather forecast told us of storms all the way from the Marianas to the Empire. Our rendezvous was to be off the southeast coast of Kyushu, some fifteen hundred miles away. There we were to join with our two companion observation B-29s that took off a few minutes behind us. 

We often encounter the need for detailed prediction of weather over a relatively small area of the globe with a fine computational resolution, such as prediction of tropical cyclones and severe storms. One approach is to limit the forecast domain of concern in a global model and use a finer grid over the hmited area. The limited area ean be moved to another location as need arises. This configuration is referred to as a movable hmited area model. The boundary conditions to the limited-area model may be supplied from a global prediction model. In this approach, no feedback of the limited-area prediction is considered to be outside of the limited area. 

The National Centers for Environmental Prediction, part of the National Weather Service, oversees operations by several key specialized service oigani-zations run by professional meteorologists. The most important of these are the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center in Washington, D.C., the Tropical Prediction Center (includes the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida), and the Storm Prediction Center in Norman, Oklahoma, which maintains a constant tornado alert system for vulnerable gec raphical regions. Other operations include the Ocean Prediction Center, the Aviation Weather Center, the Climate Prediction Center, Environmental Modeling Center, and the Space Weather Prediction Center. 

Temperate and tropical environments are less severe locations where supplemental exposure protection from the normal ambient conditions is not necessary. But these locations may contain other threats that need to be accounted for when offshore structures are present these typically include storm weather events such as hurricanes and predators (sharks). 

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