Nitric acid-water

Mobile phase Ethanol — water — nitric acid (65%) (70+18 + 12). 

Oxidation of Ag(I) to Ag(II), followed by reaction of Ag(II) with water/nitric acid to produce radicals which further react with organics... 

Solids. Treatment of mustard agents by the SILVER II process results in the precipitation of silver chloride, which, if not removed, could cause cell plugging. This precipitate is removed from the main circuit in a slurry underflow from hydrocyclones in the anolyte feed stream circuit. Subsequently, this slurry is dewatered in a centrifuge to approximately 50 weight percent AgCl, with the remainder of the slurry consisting of water, nitric acid, silver nitrate, and trace amounts of other materials in the anolyte loop. 

If, for example, a mixture of ethanol and water is distilled, the concentration of the alcohol steadily increases until it reaches 96 per cent by mass, when the composition of the vapour equals that of the liquid, and no further enrichment occurs. This mixture is called an azeotrope, and it cannot be separated by straightforward distillation. Such a condition is shown in the y — x curves of Fig. 11.4 where it is seen that the equilibrium curve crosses the diagonal, indicating the existence of an azeotrope. A large number of azeotropic mixtures have been found, some of which are of great industrial importance, such as water-nitric acid, water-hydrochloric acid, and water-alcohols. The problem of non-ideality is discussed in Section 11.2.4 where the determination of the equilibrium data is considered. When the activity coefficient is greater than unity, giving a positive deviation from Raoult s law, the molecules of the components in the system repel each... 

Koop and Carslaw (1996) have shown that as solid SAT is cooled in the presence of gaseous water and nitric acid, the SAT deliquesces. That is, SAT takes up water as well as nitric acid and forms an equilibrium with water-nitric acid-sulfuric acid solutions (Fig. 12.21). 

Potassium nitrate. Sulfuric acid. Water Sodium nitrate. Sulfuric acid. Water Nitric acid. Sulfuric acid. Cornstarch, Ammonia Starch, Sulfuric acid. Nitric acid Nitric acid. Sulfuric acid. Cellophane, Cotton, Sodium bicarbonate... 

Additional uses of nitric acid are for oxidation, nitration, and as a catalyst in numerous reactions. Salts of nitric acid are collectively called nitrates, which are soluble in water. Nitric acid is used in the production of many items such as dyes, pharmaceuticals, and synthetic fabrics. It is also used in a variety of processes including print making. 

Hydrogen bromide, water Hydrogen chloride, water Hydrogen iodide, water Nitric acid, water 46.85 20.30 57.00 68.00 126.0 108.6 127.0 120.5... 

Cleaning and destruction. After the precipitation has been completed, the precipitation column and suction filters should be washed thoroughly with water. For cleaning, the precipitation column is filled with water, nitric acid and sodium nitrite are added, and the air agitation is switched on for half an hour. Then the contents are discharged and the column is rinsed again with water to remove the acid. 

Oxidising agents such as chlorine water, nitric acid or potassium permanganate cause conversion into sulphuric acid with the intermediate formation of sulphur. The reaction is quantitative with a mixture of potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid.9... 

Krcysa. G.. and R. Eckermann DECHEMA Corrosion HandbookCorrosive Agents and Their Interaction with Materials. Carboxylic Arid Esters. Drinking Water. Nitric Acid, John Wiley Sons. Inc.. New York. NY, 1992. 

NITRIC ACID. [CAS 7697-37-2]. This important industrial chemical has been known for at least 1000 years. The acid was known to alchemists as aquafortis (strong water) or aqua valens (powerful water). Nitric acid... 

Moyer, B.A., Baes Jr. C.F., Case, F.I., Driver, J.L. 2001. Liquid-liquid equilibrium analysis in perspective II. Complete model of water, nitric acid, and uranyl nitrate extraction by di-2-ethylhexyl sulfoxide in dodecane. Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. 19 (5) 757-790. 

Lefrancois, L., Belnet, F., Noel, D., Tondre, C. 1999. An attempt to theoretically predict third-phase formation in the dimethyldibutyltetradecylmalonamide (DMDBTDMA)/ dodecane/water/nitric acid extraction system. Sep. Sci. Technol. 34 (5) 755-770. 

Solovkin, A.S., Lobanov, A.V., Rubisov, B.N. 1989. Mathematical model of distribution of dialkylphosphoric acids in water-nitric acid-organic solvent-trialkyl phosphate two-phase systems. Soviet Radiochem. 31(1) 113-119. (Translated from Radiokhimiya 31(1) 117-124.)... 

Given the structure of a sugar, write equations for its reaction with each of the following reagents acetic anhydride, bromine water, nitric acid, sodium borohydride, and Tollens or Fehling s reagent. 

Nitric acid Nitrogen dioxide mixed with nitrogen oxide, oxygen, nitrogen Nitrous oxides Nitric acid, water Nitric acid manufacture Stripping not practiced... 

HNOs) aqua fortis. A corrosive liquid with a sharp odour that acts as a strong acid when dissolved in water. Nitric acid is used to synthesise ammonium nitrate for fertilisers, and is also used in the manufacture of explosives, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Salts of nitric acid are called nitrates. 

Chilton, T.H., Strong Water Nitric Acid, Its Sources, Methods of Manufacture, and Uses, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1968, 111. 

The most popular system in which the effects of various salts have been investigated over the years has been that of ethanol-water. Other systems which have been studied are ethylene glycol-water, acetic acid-water, methanol-water, 1- and 2-propanol-water, nitric acid-water, acetone-methanol, 1-octane-propionic acid, phenol-water, and formic acid-water. Aqueous systems have been choices for such studies because of salt solubility considerations. 

Vinyl acetate-ethyl acetate Propane-propylene Ethanol-isopropanol Hydrochloric acid-water Nitric acid-water Close-boiling Close-boihng Close-boihng Maximum-boiling azeotrope Maximum-boiling azeotrope Phenol, aromatics Acrylonitrile Methyl benzoate Sulfuric acid, calcium chloride for salt process Sulfuric acid, magnesium nitrate for salt process Alternative to simple distillation Alternative to simple distillation, adsorption Alternative to simple distillation Sulfuric acid process rehes heavily on boundary curvature Sulfuric acid process rehes heavily on boundary curvature... 

In general, both crystalline and amorphous boron are relatively inert materials with the amorphous form tending to react more readily with chemical reagents. Finely divided micron-sized amorphous boron can react violently with hydrogen, oxygen, and chlorine at elevated temperatures and with water above 100 °C. Crystalline boron can be dissolved in a hot 2 1 mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids, but is nearly men toward oxygen, water, nitric acid, and sodium hydroxide. 

We have developed a thermal ionization method for use in a standard quadrupole mass spectrometer (1) The method uses a modified solids inlet probe Figure in conjunction with replacable filament assemblies The rhenium filaments are coated with calcium salts precipitated from biological materials in a basic ammonium oxalate solution Calcium is precipitated directly from urine and serum first made basic with ammonium hydroxide fecal samples and aliquots of diet are homogenized with a 9 1 water/nitric acid mixture, centrifuged, made basic and... 

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