Waste water mutagenicity tests

The panel meeting was organized and conducted to facilitate development of sample preparation protocols for mutagenicity testing of six media air, drinking water, nonaqueous liquid wastes, soils and sediments, waste solids, and waste water. The meeting objectives were established by the sponsors and were as follows ... 

The use of HPLC for the separation of residue organics from aqueous samples for mutagenicity testing has been extended to studies of many other types of water samples from different parts of the world. Baird and co-workers (15, 16) have used such an approach in their studies of mutagenicity of residue organics from drinking water, river water, storm runoff, reclaimed waste waters, and other waste waters. Jolley and co-workers (17, 18) have applied HPLC to the separation... 

Negative-Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Ames Mutagenicity Tests of Granular Activated Carbon Treated Waste Water... 

A critical review of the toxicity of the haloalkyl phosphates and the potential metabolic products is available (175). The flame retardant tris (tris-2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate was found to be mutagenic in laboratory tests its production and use were discontinued in the 1970s. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and tris(dichloroisopropyl) phosphate have voluntary R40 labels (limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animal tests). Tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate does not require special classification. The chloroalkyl phosphates are undergoing (as of 2004) an EU risk assessment. They have been detected at various locales in mimicipal waste water (176), indoor dust, or indoor air (177,178). 

Nonaqueous Liquid Wastes Protocol. Nonaqueous liquid wastes were defined to include samples that range from water-soluble organic liquids to immiscible oils. Only a limited amount of data are available on the applicability of this protocol (Figure 4) to compounds other than oils or petroleum products. This medium differs from other environmental media because mutagenic materials are often concentrated in organic liquids. Therefore, this protocol incorporates dilution steps rather than the concentration techniques used in the other media protocols. This protocol is also unique because of the opportunity to test neat samples or samples diluted with DMSO rather than sample components isolated with an absorbent or extracted with a solvent. For this reason, samples treated with this protocol should contain polar compounds and/or volatile compounds that would be lost when the other protocols are used. 

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