Landfills, containment

Although their source has not been identified, it has been shown that volatile compounds from landfills contain carbonyls of Mo and W in addition to the known hydrides and methylated derivatives of As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Hg, Pb, and Bi (Eeldmann and Cullen 1997). 

Ziegler-Natta catalyst for polymerization of alkenes. Considerable attention has been directed to double-bonded Fischer carbenes of Cr and W, the Schrock carbenes of Ta and Ti, and cyclic polyene ligands of Fe, Co, Cr, and U. Carbonyls of transition metals from groups 6 to 10 of the periodic table include both the monomeric compounds such as Cr(CO)g, Fe(CO)5, Ni(CO)4 and those with two metal groups such as Mn2(CO)io and Co2(CO)s, which is used industrially for hydroformylation. Although their source has not been identified, it has been shown that volatile compounds from landfills contain carbonyls of Mo and W (Feldmann and Cullen 1997). 

In the final section of the book, Part V, Water-Waste Interaction, various approaches to describe and predict the interaction between waste and water are presented. This part of the book does not only deal with landfills containing different types of municipal waste forms, but also with different nuclear waste forms. Of special interest are laboratory experiments on waste form corrosion and element speciation in aqueous media that represent realistic disposal... 

The release of lead to air is now less than the release of lead to soil. Most of the lead in inner city soils comes from landfills and leaded paint. Landfills contain waste from lead ore mining, ammunition manufacturing, and other industrial activities such as battery production. Very little lead goes directly into water. 

Origin / Industry Sources/Uses Prepared by the chlorination of biphenyl used in the electrical industry in capacitors and transformers used in the formulation of lubricating and cutting oils pesticides adhesives plastics inks paints sealants. Exposure Routes Inhalation of fume or vapor percutaneous adsorption of liquid ingestion eye and skin contact landfills containing PCB waste materials and products incineration of municipal refuse and sewage sludge waste transformer fluid disposal to open areas. 

Even though there are many problems associated with incineration, it is useful because the volume of waste is reduced by about 90%. The solids left after incineration contains nothing that can decay, produce gas, or shrink. As a result, a landfill containing only incineration ash produces much less pollution of the air and water. An incinerator ash landfill can be cycled to other uses in a much shorter time than can one holding raw solid waste. 

Viruses in soiled disposable diapers can survive for over two weeks, and run-off from landfills containing disposable diapers can contaminate groundwater supplies. 

The solid waste placed in the landfill contains a wide variety of ubiquitous microorganisms. As the free oxygen in the landfill environment is consumed by the microorganisms, the overall process goes through aerobic, facultative. 

Petts, J.I. (1993) Risk assessment, risk management and containment landfill. In 1993 Harwell waste management symposium Options for landfill containment AEA Technology, Harwell, Oxofordshire, UK. 

Landfills contain a tremendous amount of plastic waste. As the plastics degrade, pollutants leach into the soil and gases escape into... 

Many landfills contain VOCs (volatile organic chemicals). This group of chemicals includes benzene and toluene (both carcinogens), chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as carbon tetrachloride, and trichloroethylene, which previously was used as a dry-cleaning solvent. Even though these compounds are not very soluble in water, they do accumulate at the parts-per-million level. Their long-term effect on human health is unknown at this time. 

A temperature of 40 °C, quite unusual for geotechnical applications, was chosen within the BAM certification because geomembranes in landfill liners may be exposed to elevated temperatures when the waste body of the landfill contains biodegradable materials and especially when it is run as a bioreactor landfill. 

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