Waste stabilization

Remove Free Liquids and Highly Mobile Wastes Stabilize/Repair Side Walls. Dikes or Liner(s)... 

Waste stabilization ponds are shallow basins into which wastes are fed for biological decomposition. The chemical reactions involved are the same as those that occur in the other biological processes. Aeration is provided by the wind, and anaerobic digestion may also occur near the bottom of deeper ponds. The ponds are very commonly used for sewage treatment and dilute industrial wastes. Waste stabilization ponds are normally used as the final treatment step for effluents because they are not effieient enough to be used on their own. 

Aerobic. Leachate is removed from the bottom layer, piped to liquids storage tanks, and recirculated into the landfill in a controlled manner. Air is injected into the waste mass, using vertical or horizontal wells, to promote aerobic activity and accelerate waste stabilization. 

Stabilization ponds have been successfully used in the treatment of refinery and petrochemical wastewaters. They are used either as the major treatment step or as a pohshing process after other treatment processes. In the United States, because land is generally quite expensive, the use of waste stabilization ponds is limited [17]. 

Analytical methodology for phthalates is questionable therefore, significance of values reported is unknown. Treatment technology Sedimentation, waste stabilization lagoons. 

Attached-growth waste stabilization ponds have been used to remove 65-70% TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen), and 70-83% NH3-N from concentrated latex and rubber sheet plant wastewaters [8]. A combined algae and water hyacinth system has been used to remove 96.41% COD, 98.93% TKN, 99.28% NH3-N, 100% NO2-N, and 100% NO3-N [9]. 

Rakkoed, A. Danteravanich, S. Puetpaiboon, U. Nitrogen removal in attached growth waste stabilization ponds of wastewater from a rubber factory. Water Sci. Technol. 1999, 40(i), 45-52. 

Rodriguez de Sotillo, D., Hadley, M., Holm, E. T. (1994b). Potato peel waste stability and antioxidant aetivity of a freeze-dried extract. J. Food Set, 59, 1031-1033. 

Singh, D., Wagh, A. S., Cunnane, J. C. Mayberry, J. L. 1997. Chemically bonded phosphate ceramics for low-level mixed-waste stabilization. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A Environmental Science and Engineering Toxic and Hazardous Substance Control, A32, 527-541. 

Tommaseo, C. E. Kersten, M. 2002. Aqueous solubility diagrams for cementitious waste stabilization systems. 4. Mechanism of zinc immobilization by calcium silicate hydrate. Environmental Science and Technology, 36, 2919-2925. 

The work on hi level waste solidification has led to applications of the same materials to other areas of waste management. These include decontamination of defense wastes currently in tank storage at Richland, WA, selective separation of Cs for beneficial uses, and development of a process flowsheet for conversion of Zircaloy fuel cladding hulls to sodium zirconate for use in waste stabilization. Each is briefly described below. 

Levine, H.S. and Nowak, E.J., "Conversion of Waste Zircaloy Hulls to Zirconate Ion Exchange Materials for Waste Stabilization," Nucl. Tech. 36 (Nov.) IO6 (1977). 

Clozel-Leloup, B., Boddnan, F. and Piantone, P. (1999) Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration Mineralogy and distribution of metals, in J. Mehu et al. (Eds.), Waste Stabilization and Environment 99, Villeurbanne, France, 13-16 April 1999, Proceedings of conference presentation, Societe alpine de publications, Grenoble, France, pp. 45-51. 

Polprasert C, Charnpratheep K. 1989. Heavy metal removal in attached-growth waste stabilization ponds. Water Research 23(5) 625-632. 

Albino V and others (1996) Potential application of Ettringite generating systems for hazardous waste stabilization. J Hazard Mater 51 241-252... 

Albino V (1996) Evaluation of solid waste stabilization processes by means of leaching tests. Environ Technol 17 309-315... 

A. Wagh, D. Singh, andS. Jeong, Method of waste stabilization via chemically bonded phosphate ceramics, US Patent No. 5,830,815, 1998. 

A.S. Wagh, S.Y. Jeong, D. Singh, A.S. Aloy, T.I. Kolytcheva, E.N. Kovarskaya, and Y.J. Macharet, Iron-phosphate-based chemically bonded phosphate ceramics for mixed waste stabilization, Proceedings on Waste Management 97, March 2—6 1997, (1997). 

In most applications, a small amount of binder powders is mixed with a large volume of inexpensive hllers and then the entire mixture is stirred in water to form the reaction slurry. For example, if the phosphate binders are used for manufacturing construction products, invariably the hllers are sand, gravel, ash, soil, or some mineral waste. The phosphate binders provide adhesion between the particles of these hllers and bind them into a solid object. Thus, these mixtures mimic conventional concrete mixmres in which Portland cement binder is mixed with large volume of sand and gravel to produce cement concrete. When phosphate binders are used, the products may be termed as phosphate concrete . In waste stabilization, the waste itself becomes the hller and the hnal product is termed as a waste form . 

A. Wagh, S. Jeong, D. Singh, A. Aloy, T. Kolytcheva, and Y. Macheret, Iron-Phosphate-Based Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics For Mixed Waste Stabilization, Proceedings of the Waste Management Annual Meeting, Session 29, Tuscon, March 2-6, 1997). 

Chapter 16 Applications of CBPCs to Hazardous Waste Stabilization... 

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