WASTE BIN

Use with proper local extract ventilation or, as a minimum, in a well-ventilated area Replace lids on buckets, waste bins and troughs... 

Oil spillages onto warm, absorbent materials, such as insulation, also have a limited life (see Sections 7.3.2 and 12.4.4). The oil soon decomposes to materials with a low auto-ignition temperature and self-ignites. As many insulation fires have started in this way, oil-soaked insulation should be removed without delay. Linseed oil ignites particularly easily. This has been known since at least 1925 nevertheless, in 1965 some cloths used to apply linseed oil to laboratory benches were not burned as directed but dropped into a waste bin. A fire started after a few hours and destroyed the laboratory [17J. Reference 18 lists substances that are liable to self-heat, and Reference 19 includes references to a number of incidents that have occuiTed involving substances as diverse as wood shavings, tobacco, milk powder, and soap powder. 

Use waste bins. Special containers may be required for specific hazardous waste material. 

Dangerous - may be infected and cause accidental harm. Also dangerous to anybody emptying the waste bin. 

Phasing out of products containing the substance in question (going to the waste bin)... 

Rags soaked in sodium hydroxide and in the aldehyde overheated and ignited owing to aerobic oxidation when they came into contact in a waste bin. 

Interaction is exothermic, and if air is present, incandescence may occur with freshly prepared granular material. Admixture with oxygen causes a violent explosion [1], Soda-lime, used to absorb hydrogen sulfide, will subsequently react with atmospheric oxygen and especially carbon dioxide (from the solid coolant) with a sufficient exotherm in contact with moist paper wipes (in a laboratory waste bin) to cause ignition [2], Spent material should be saturated with water before separate disposal. Mixture analogous to soda-lime, such as barium hydroxide with potassium or sodium hydroxides, also behave similarly [1],... 

The residues from zinc dust-acetic acid reduction operations may ignite after a long delay if discarded into waste-bins with paper. Small amounts appear to ignite more rapidly than larger portions. 

Accidental contamination of a metal scoop with flake sodium hydroxide, prior to its use with zinc dust, caused ignition of the latter [1]. A stiff paste prepared from zinc dust and 10% sodium hydroxide solution attains a temperature above 100°C after exposure to air for 15 min [2], The residue of zinc dust and sodium hydroxide solution from a lecture demonstration involving zinc plating a copper coin presents a high fire risk if discarded onto paper in a waste bin, ignition of the paper having occurred on many occasions. Dissolve the residue in dilute acid before flushing away with water [3],... 

Cloths used to apply linseed oil to laboratory benches were not binned as directed, but dropped into a waste bin. A fire developed during a few hours and destroyed... 

Soda-lime, after absorbing hydrogen sulfide, exhibits a considerable exotherm (100°C) when exposed simultaneously to moisture and air, particularly with carbon dioxide enrichment, and has caused fires in laboratory waste bins containing moist paper wipes. Saturation with water and separate disposal in sealed containers is recommended. 

Butyl lithium was being used in a glove box, a spillage was cleaned up with paper towels later removed and treated with water. A towel which reached a waste bin unwetted later ignited starting a small fire [1], (It is the editor s experience that butyl lithium solutions falling on cellulose in air ignite more often than not destroy alkylhthiums first, mop up later.)... 

Perchloric acid and paper towels were used to clean up a silver nitrate stain. After placing in a waste bin, the towels ignited. 

Disposal bins have been studied for the VOCs associated with them by Stathero-poulos, Agapiou and Pallis (2005). The most prominent classes of compounds emitted are generally aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, terpenes and alcohols. The highest median concentrations for a single compound was 649.9 tg/ m 1 for decane while median concentrations of several other compounds such as limonene, undecane, nonane, ethanol, acetic acid ethyl ester and 1, 2,4-trimethylbenzene are in the range 159.1-353.1 pg/nf3. Therefore, waste bins are not only sources of odorants but sources of VOC as well. 

In September 2004, Novamont acquired the Eastar Bio technology of Eastman Chemical for an undisclosed sum. The deal includes all patents and technology rights but not production facilities or distribution channels. Eastman introduced its biodegradable polymer in 1997 and since then has invested more than 75m in the project. The resin is used commercially for single-trip disposable packaging, as well as for barrier films and waste-bin liners. Eastman has a 15,000 tonnes per annum production plant at Hartlepool in the UK, which was started up in 1999, for production of Eastar Bio products. 

In the field of waste management, natura supplies biodegradable waste bags in many different shapes and sizes, from 8 to 240 litres. The bags are used for kitchen and garden waste bins and compost easily after use. 

The reaction is exothermal. Under certain conditions so much heat may be produced that the precipitate dries out, and the filter paper, with the finely distributed sulphur on it, catches fire. Sulphide precipitates therefore should never be disposed of into a waste bin, but should rather be washed away under running water only the filter paper should be thrown away. 

Lysosomes are in effect a cellular waste-bin, and play an important role in the turnover and degradation of cytoplasmic organelles and phago-cytosed particles. They facilitate receptor-mediated endocytosis of many macromolecules from the cell membrane. Lysosomes carry hydrolases that degrade nucleotides, proteins, lipids and phospholipids they also remove carbohydrate, sulphate, or phosphate groups from molecules. Lysosomes store iron, either as soluble ferritin or as products of ferritin degradation, such as haemosiderin. Abnormalities associated with lysosomal function cause a variety of storage disorders such as Tay-Sachs disease [9]. 

Don t use chipped or cracked glassware and examine the equipment for star cracks - it may break under very slight strains and should be disposed of in the broken glassware bin. All laboratories will have a waste bin dedicated to broken glass. Never put broken glass into other bins. 

There is also some possibility of damage to clothing from hot glass. An overall or laboratory coat should be worn at aU times, and hot glass waste should be placed on the bench top, well in from the front edge. Better still, it should be placed in a metal waste bin kept in a convenient place and for that purpose. No waste paper should be placed in this bin as it may be set alight by the hot glass waste. 

If a number of attempts to make a piece of complicated glassware end in the waste bin, the glassblower should consider whether his preliminary plan is adequate. 

In the United Kingdom in the 1975 to 1995 period, although the volume of discarded packaging materials in the domestic waste bins has risen, but the weight remained approximately the same. Most probably, this is due to lightweighting... 

Waste from the manufacturing unit should be disposed of regularly so as to maintain a high standard of hygiene in the manufacturing area. Clearly marked waste-bins should be available, emptied and cleaned as needed, but at least daily. 

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