Waring blender

Although there is no official ASTM test to measure the water handling properties of gasoline, there are a number of widely used industry tests. One uses a Waring Blender to simulate high shear (57), whereas another uses a wrist action shaker to simulate mild shear conditions (58). 

Waring blender and blending cups, stainless steel or glass... 

High-speed blender (Waring blender, or equivalent)... 

Sol Preparation. Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH 105) was supplied by the FMC Corporation, Philadelphia, PA., as a white powder. Twenty grams of Avicel PH 105 were mixed with 180 ml of water in a Waring blender for 5 minutes. The thick slurry was then transferred to a Lt. volumetric flask and gradually diluted to It. under constant stirring. The diluted suspension was left undisturbed for 3 days. The supernatant with a volume of about 650 ml was removed. This constituted the microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) stock sol. The solids concentration of the sols were determined by oven dry weighing and was about (1.2g/l). The unadjusted pH was 5.6. All the salts, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide used were certified A.C.S. grade from Fisher Scientific. 

Root powdering and demineralization. Sixty-five frozen and pulp-free tooth roots were ground in a Waring blender and powdered under liquid nitrogen in a freezer mill (Spex, Edison NJ, USA). The sieved powder (< 450 pm) was demineralized in dialysis bags in 0.5 M EDTA, pH 7.4, at 4°C with regular replacement of the solution. Demineralization was continued until no further calcium release could be detected by atomic absorption spectrometry. 

The absorbait polymer was isolated by stirring 100 g of sapon-ificate with 400 of methanol in a Waring blender for 1 min at hic speed (initial precipitation). Sipematant was decanted from settled solid, 200 viL of fresh methanol was added, and the mixture was again blended for 1 min. The mixture was transferred to a beaker, stirred for 30 min, and the solid was collected on a filter. The methanol-wet solid was wei ied and divided into four equal portions, vdiich were then stirred for 30 min with 25 mL of either pure methanol or solutions pr >ared dissolving oonoen-trated Hd (usually 0.5 g or 1.0 g) in 100 niL of methanol. 

Inoculum. Pleurotus sajor-caju was grown at 30°C on the above medium containing 1% glucose as a carbon source in 250 ml Erlynmeyer flasks on rotary shaker at 200 rpm for 60 h. The mycelial biomass thus produced was blended in a Waring blender for 1 min. under aseptic conditions in order to obtain an homogenous inoculum of well dispersed mycelial bits. The inoculum was used at the rate of 10% vol/vol. The inoculated experimental Erlynmeyer flasks were incubated at 30 C on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm for various intervals of time. 

There are several types of blender. One of the most popular is the Waring blender, operating on a similar principle to domestic jug-type food blenders. Containers are available in glass, stainless steel and polycarbonate. It should be noted that the working capacities of the containers are a maximum of 70%, and a minimum of 10% nominal capacity. Accessory containers enable volumes as low as 12 ml to be handled. Silage is homogenized in a Waring type blender. 

Other emulsion test methods are used to rate the ability of fuel to shed water. These methods include ASTM D-1401 and the Waring Blender Test. The ASTM D-1401 method is a lubricant test method, but has been adopted by the U.S. military for rating diesel fuel demulsibility.This method is summarized by ASTM as follows ... 

The Waring Blender Test is not an ASTM standard, but is commonly used to rate fuel demulsibility. This test method can be summarized as follows ... 

A 475-mL volume of fuel and 25 mL of distilled water are placed into a stainless steel, explosion-proof blending vessel. The fuel and water are stirred at low speed (10,000 RPM) for four minutes using an explosion-proof Waring blender. The mixture is then poured into 1-quart square bottles and the fuel layer and water layer are rated for clarity after 1, 3, 5, 8,12 and 24 hours. A rating scale from 0 to 11 has been developed to describe fuel clarity and appearance. 

Texaco. 1988. Instructions for performing the Waring blender test procedure. Beacon, N.Y. 

Because PVAlc is insoluble in methanol, it usually precipitates as it forms. Occasionally, a gel forms instead of a powder. After cooling, such a gel may be broken up in a Waring blender with additional methanol and worked up as usual. 

Alkaline-extracted/acid hydrolysis (AH/NaOH) lignin samples were prepared by subjecting aspen wood flour to a one hour cook at 120°C in 0.05N sulfuric acid (22), followed by mixing the clarified supernatant with 1% w/w NaOH at 25°C with a Waring blender. The insoluble lignins were precipitated by addition of acid and water washes (32% yield). 

Liquid samples such as milk do not normally require application of any pretreatment procedure. Semisolid samples such as muscle, liver, and fat tissues usually require more intensive sample pretreatment for tissue break-up. The most popular approach is grinding the sample in a food chopper or homogenization in a Waring blender to expose residues to the extraction solvent. Fatty tissue samples are usually warmed at 35 C until fat melts (491-493), or sometimes blended with immersion blender (494). A fat sample that has been blended with immersion blender melts to produce yellow oil, whereas oil does not separate... 

The capsule is broken open in a shear mode such as that in a Waring blender or a Z-blade type mixer ... 

Two hundred grams of carrier was dispersed in distilled water at the desired levels (solution viscosities similar to gum arabic) and flavor oil emulsions were made using a Waring blender at high speed for two minutes. The emulsion was spray-dried using an inlet temperature of 200 C and an outlet temperature of 90 C. Atomization was achieved using centrifugal wheel atomization. 

The mixture was then cooled to ambient temperature and neutralized by adding 5.0 g of glacial acetic acid by syringe. After stirring for 15 minutes, the polymer was collected by vacuum filtration through a fritted metal Buchner funnel. The polymer was washed in a Waring blender four times with 500 ml of 4 1 (by volume) acetone/water and twice with 500... 

Meat grinder, prechilled plate holes 4 to 5 mm Waring blender... 

Homogenize 50 g small cut pieces of fish or meat in a Waring blender, or with the aid of a Polytron homogenizer, in 100 ml of methanol. Add 50 ml chloroform. Homogenize for 2 min. 

Acidified water 0.01% (v/v) HC1 in deionized, distilled water Waring Blender with stainless steel container (Waring) or general-purpose homogenizer... 

Mix 50 g powdered plant material (accurately weighed and recorded) 1 1 (w/v) with acetone using a Waring Blender with stainless steel container or a general-purpose homogenizer. 

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