Lubricants test methods

Other emulsion test methods are used to rate the ability of fuel to shed water. These methods include ASTM D-1401 and the Waring Blender Test. The ASTM D-1401 method is a lubricant test method, but has been adopted by the U.S. military for rating diesel fuel demulsibility.This method is summarized by ASTM as follows ... 

D 1743 1987 Test method for corrosion preventive properties of lubricating greases... 

Testing residual fuel oil does not suffer from the issues that are associated with sample volatility but the test methods are often sensitive to the presence of gas bubbles in the fuel oil. An air release test is available for application to lubricating oil (ASTM D3427 IP 313) and may be applied, with modification, to residual fuel oil. However, with dark-colored samples, it may be difficult to determine... 

A test method (ASTM D5291) is available for simultaneous determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in petroleum products and lubricants. There are at least three instrumental techniques available for this analysis, each based on different chemical principles. However, all involve sample combustion, components separation, and final detection. 

The outcome of dissolution tests on pharmaceutical formulations can be influenced by a nnmber of factors including the nature of the excipients and lubricants, blending method and granulation procedure used. When the solubility of the API is not the limiting factor, the compaction pressure used to produce tablets is inversely proportional to their dissolution rate and, as noted in the previous section, directly proportional to the slope of the NIR spectra for intact tablets. Blanco et have developed various approaches for... 

American Society for Testing and Materials. 1995. Standard test method for evaluating lubricity of diesel fuels by the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR). Draft of proposed method. Philadelphia. 

Ball-on-Three-Disks (BOTD) This test method is utilized to measure the lubricity characteristics of distillate fuel. It involves rotating a ball against three disks lubricated by distillate fuel. After testing, the wear scar diameters on three disks are measured and averaged. Wear scar diameters of approximately 0.45 mm or less are presently considered acceptable. 

The only real test to determine that the scale-up batch will run well on the selected tablet press in production is a use test i.e., the batch must be run. Although there is no completely accurate prediction of compaction behavior during scale-up, there are many excellent test methods that can provide an evaluation of specific material properties (flow, lubrication, etc.) and provide an understanding of the material properties of one s formulation. If proper science is applied, these measurements and approaches can provide assurance that scale-up can occur with a minimum of problems. 

A previous edition of the dimensions standard also had a method intended for compression set test pieces which was similar except that the force on the foot was 850 30 mN and the contact members were either domed surfaces of 12.5 mm radius or a spherical contact of 6.35 mm diameter and a raised platform of 9.5 mm diameter. This use of curved surfaces for compression set is based on the fact that after compression, particularly with non-lubricated test pieces, the rubber may well have concave surfaces. This does not happen if the test piece is lubricated as is now the usual practice and, hence, the curved surfaces were eliminated. However, if concave test pieces are encountered it may well be better to resort to the old method... 

ASTM D-6300. Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants. 

ASTM D-893. Standard Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils. 

Standard Test Method for Nitrogen in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke. In 1987 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Petroleum Products, Lubricants, and Fossil Fuels, Section 5, Volume 05.05, D3179-84, ASTM Philadelphia, 1987 pp 408-414. 

Biodegradation test methods By using the test method summaries of Table 7.1, explain the differences in concept of CEC and Close bottle test. Why the presence of additives (nitrogen and phosphorus excluded) in the lubricants is known to have a significant effect on the rate of biodegradation ... 

Table 3. Most important US (ASTM), Coordinating European Council CEC (L), and SAE (J) Standards Test Methods for Testing Lubrication Formulated...

Anon. 2003e. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards, D 6079 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) (vol. 05.03). West Conshohocken PA ASTM International. 

---