Using Centrifugation

The alloys in the copper—siUcon group have been cast using centrifugal, investment, die, permanent, plaster, and sand molding methods. The minimum tensile strengths for sand-cast test bars are 310—413 MPa (45,000—60,000 psi). 

Cyclones work by using centrifugal force to increase the gravity field experienced by the solids. They then settle to the wall under the influence of their increased weight. Settling is improved as the path the solids traverse under centrifugal flow is increased. This pam is... 

Piston, or positive displacement pumps, are well known and much used. Centrifugal pumps are not as well understood. Consequently, piston pump performance is sometimes expected from centrifugal blowers. The main difference is that positive displacement or piston pumps generate flow, whereas centrifugal pumps produce pressure. With a piston pump, the pressure will increase to the level needed to maintain the flow set by the piston volume and stroking speed. In contrast, centrifugal pumps produce pressure the flow will increase until the pressure drop, produced by the flow, matches the pressure produced by the pump. 

Table 14. Results of de-ashing experiments using centrifugation and filtration of WVGS 13421...

Another high-efficiency unit, the wet cyclonic separator, uses centrifugal force to enhance control efficiency. 

There are two types of commonly used centrifugal compressors (1) in-line and (2) bullgear. 

Large systems working at temperatures above freezing may be able to use centrifugal compressors, but the pressure ratio is not favourable. Most heat pumps will have reciprocating or screw compressors. Refrigerants are those in general use. 

Do not use centrifugal pumps, and keep agitator speeds below 300 to 400 rpm. 

Extractors with mechanical agitation, such as mixer-settlers, Kuhni columns, York-Schiebel columns, etc., should be avoided as much as possible. Up to seven theoretical stages packed extraction columns can be conveniently adopted. Sieve-plate extractors can be used up to 20 stages. When a very efficient extraction has to be carried out with expensive solutes, and for reasons of material stability and requirements of low expensive product inventory, we may have to use centrifugal extractors or hollow-fibre extractors. 

R. -S. Tsai, P.-A. Carrupt, and B. Testa, Measurement of Partition Coefficients Using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography. Method Development and Application to the Determination of Solute Properties, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 1995, pp. 143-154. 

Figure 4.2 Cascade catalysis using centrifugal contact separators in series. Experimental section...

Buse, F. (1981) Chem. Eng., NY 88 (Jan 26th) 113. Using centrifugal pumps as hydraulic turbines. 

Centrifugal filters use centrifugal force to drive the filtrate through the filter cake. The equipment used is described in the next section. 

Quickly wash beads 2 times with coupling buffer using centrifugation and resuspend using a sonic probe in 5 ml of the same buffer. 

Wash the particles with coupling buffer at least several times using centrifugation to remove excess glutaraldehyde. Resuspend in 1 ml of the same buffer. 

Remove excess protein and reactants by washing with coupling buffer at least 3 times using centrifugation. Store particles in a suitable buffer containing a preservative. 

Quickly wash the particles with coupling buffer at least twice using centrifugation. 

Solvent exchange pHEMA particles into anhydrous THF using centrifugation and resuspension with sequential exchange into greater percentages of THF in water until the particles... 

Wash 100 mg of hydroxyl-containing particles 2 times using centrifugation with 0.1 M sodium carbonate, pH 8.5 (coupling buffer). After the second wash, resuspend the particles at 10 mg/ml in 2 M sodium carbonate (activation buffer no pH adjustment necessary). 

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