Deoxyribonucleic acid viruses

Warden, D., Thome. H.V. (1969).Influence of diethylaminoethyl-dextran on uptake and degradation of polyoma virus deoxyribonucleic acid by mouse embryo cells, J F/ra/., 4,380-387. 

Berns, K. J., and Silverman, C., 1970, Natural occurrence of cross-linked vaccinia virus deoxyribonucleic acid, J. Virol. 5 299. 

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) A linear polymer, made up of deoxyribo-nueleotide units, that is the earrier of genetie information, present in ehromosomes and ehromosomal material of eell orgenelles sueh as mitroehondria and ehloroplasts, and also in some viruses. Every eharaeteristie inherited trait has its origin in the eode of eaeh individual s DNA. 

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA, Fig. 3-13) is the genetic material of all organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. (Some viruses lack DNA, but use RNA (ribonucleic acid) in its place.) DNA carries all the hereditary information of the organism and is therefore replicated and passed from parent to offspring. RNA is formed on DNA in the nucleus of the... 

Without recounting the research studies dealing with or formaldehyde under the influence of ultraviolet and gamma rays. These sugars are, as will be detailed later, parts of the most important and absolutely essential materials, ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acids (RNA and DNA, respectively), of all living cells and also of viruses. Certain purines and pyrimidines, other essential parts of DNA and RNA, are also reported to have appeared under experimental... 

The discovery of the base-paired, double-helical structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) provides the theoretic framework for determining how the information coded into DNA sequences is replicated and how these sequences direct the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins. Already clinical medicine has taken advantage of many of these discoveries, and the future promises much more. For example, the biochemistry of the nucleic acids is central to an understanding of virus-induced diseases, the immune re-sponse, the mechanism of action of drugs and antibiotics, and the spectrum of inherited diseases. 

For various reasons, the generalizations mentioned above must be regarded as strictly provisional. Analyses utilizing formic acid indicate the presence of more than one phosphorus atom per purine or pyrimidine residue. This discrepancy, it is pointed out, could equally well result from an apparent deficiency of bases, due to error in the analytical technique.160 It is also necessary to consider that some nucleic acids are now known to contain more bases than was previously realized. Thus, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-cytosine is present in various viruses,181-182 and 5-methylcytosine occurs in various animal and plant deoxyribonucleic acids but is absent from those of microbial origin.17-160-1M- 184- 186 Certain microbial deoxyribonucleic acids also contain 6-methylaminopurine.186a Various bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acids have been found to contain a component which is believed to consist of a D-glucoside186b of 5 -(hydroxymethyl)cytidylic acid. 

With the exception of certain viruses, the blueprint for all organisms is contained in code by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a giant macro-molecule whose structure allows a vast amount of information to be stored accurately. We have all arisen from a single cell, the fertilized ovum containing two sets of DNA (packaged with protein to form chromatin), one set from our mother, resident in the nucleus of the unfertilized ovum, the second set from our father via the successful sperm. Every cell in the adult has arisen from this one cell and (with the exception of the germ cell and specialized liver cells) contains one copy of these original chromosome sets. 

Virases are much simpler organisms than bacteria, and they are made from protein substances and nucleic acid. A single nucleoprotein molecule formed from molecules of nucleic acid that are chemically bound to a bulky protein molecule can be considered a simple viral particle. The protein molecule plays the role of a protective membrane. Thus the virus can be schematically described as a nucleic acid insert that is protected by a protein covering. A virus can contain either ribonucleic acid or deoxyribonucleic acid, but it never contains both of them together. The type of nucleic acid is the basis of one of the classifications of viruses. Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites, which, upon entering a cell (i.e. after being infected) use many biochemical systems of the host cell. 

Viruses have no cell wall and made up of nucleic acid core enclosed in a protein coat which consists of identical subunits. Viruses are of two types, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) viruses and RNA (ribonucleic acid) viruses. DNA viruses are herpes simplex, small pox, hepatitis B, varicellazoster etc. and RNA viruses are rabies, measles, dengue, rubella, yellow fever, poliomyelitis and HIV etc. 

Structural Genes. So far as known, structural genes in all organisms are composed of nucleic acids. In (he RNA viruses, the genes are RNA (ribonucleic acidl only, but in all other organisms, the DNA viruses and the cellular forms, which all possess both DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA. the gene material is either known to be DNA, or assumed to be for good reason. 

Disulfide bridge. A covalent linkage formed by oxidation between two SH groups either in the same polypeptide chain or in different polypeptide chains. DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid. A poly-deoxyribonucleotide in which the sugar is deoxyribose the main repository of genetic information in all cells and most viruses. 

Deoxyribonucleic acid is the only nucleic acid found in T-even phage,88 and earlier reports89 of the presence of ribonucleic acid in bacterial virus T2 and T6 in small, variable proportions are now attributed88 to a contamina-... 

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) The basic genetic material found in all living cells (and some viruses), providing the blueprint (i.e. genes) for construction of proteins. DNA is composed of sugars, phosphates, and bases arranged in a double helix, a double stranded, chain-like molecules composed of nucleotide base pairs. 

Because Franklin and Wilkins were hardly speaking to each other, Franklin left King s College in 1953 for Birkbeck College, also in London, where she finished her DNA work and became head of the team studying tobacco mosaic virus. Franklin died of ovarian cancer on April 16, 1958, at the age of 37. see also Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Double Helix Pauling, Linus Watson, James Dewey. 

An organism s genome is the complete set of genetic instructions, passed from one generation to the next. The genome consists of a set of instructions for building each of the components of a living cell or virus. The information is found in nucleic acids usually deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), but sometimes ribonucleic acid (RNA). 

AcMNPV AfMNPV BmMNPV BV DIP DNA Autographa californica NPV Anagrapha falcifera nucleopoliedrovirus Bombyx mori NPV budded virus Defectives Interfering Particles mutants Deoxyribonucleic acid... 

DNA RNA iRNA AAV HSV deoxyribonucleic acid ribonucleic acid interference RNA adeno-associated virus herpes simplex virus... 

Quantum dots Tiny nanocrystals commonly consisting of semiconductor materials in the range of 2-10 nm, glowing upon ultraviolet (UV) light Mainly as probes to track antibodies, viruses, proteins, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in vivo 26,40... 

A virus is a submicroscopic agent of infectious disease that requires a living cell for its multiplication. The two essential components of a virus are protein and nucleic acid. Whereas normal cells contain both RNA (ribonucleic acid) and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), a given virus contains only one, not both. A virus cannot multiply on its own as a normal cell does. It has no metabolic enzymes, uses no nutrients, and produces no energy. It is just a particle of protein and nucleic acid. A viral particle is tightly packed inside a protein coat that protects it. This unit is called a virion. 

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the genetic material of bacteria and eukaryotic cells, is either copied into new complementary DNA or transcribed into ribonucleic acid (RNA), also of complementary sequence. It is then used as a template in the so-called translation into proteins. Some viruses use RNA as genetic material that is copied into new complementary RNA, or in leukemie viruses transcribed into DNA the latter process is called reverse transcription. 

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