Victrex Poly

The most common way to modify aromatic polymers for application as a PEM is to employ electrophilic aromatic sulfonation. Aromatic polymers are easily sulfonated using concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, or sulfur trioxide (or complexs thereof). Postmodification reactions are usually restricted due to their lack of precise control over the degree and location of functionalization, the possibility of side reactions, or degradation of the polymer backbone. Regardless, this area of PEM synthesis has received much attention and may be the source of emerging products such as sulfonated Victrex poly (ether ether ketone). 

The nucleophilic substitution reaction of an activated benzenoid halide with a phenoxide anion is currently the method used worldwide for the preparation of aromatic poly(aryl ether sulfones) " and poly(aryl ether ketones). " Amoco Performance Products UDEL Polysulfone and RADEL Polyphenylsulfone are made commercially via this route. The subject substitution reactions are also used by ICI to produce their Victrex Poly(ether sulfone) (PES) and Victrex Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK). 

Property Polysul- phone Udel Poly ether sulphone Victrex Poly- phenylene sulphide Ryton Polyether- imide Ultem Ultem +20% glass reinforced... 

Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is an aromatic, high performance, semicrystalline polymer with extremely good thermal stability, chemical resistance, and electrical and mechanical properties. This polymer shows little solubility in organic solvents due to the crystallinity. One of the first ways to characterize PEEK was by sulfonating the polymer. By adding sulfonic acid groups to the backbone, the crystallinity decreased and solubility increased.Commercially available Victrex appears to be one of the more interesting poly(arylene ether) s used for postmodification. 

Furthermore, in 2001, Ballard entered an alliance with Victrex to produce two new membrane alternatives. One membrane is based on sulfonated poly(arylether) ketone (a variant of PEEK) supplied by Victrex, which may be better suited to PEMFC fabrication applications. In March 2002, U.S. Patent 6,359,019 was issued to Ballard Power for a graft-polymeric membrane in which one or more trifluorovinylaromatic monomers are radiation graft polymerized to a preformed polymeric base. The strucmres of BAM membranes have been studied by way of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) [97]. The study of the ionomer peak position suggests the existence of relatively small ionic domains compared to Nalion, despite large water content. Phase separation in the polymer matrix is possibly crucial for the membrane s mechanical and transport properties. 

Additives. Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubbers were provided by BFGood-rich (Brecksville, OH). The amino-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile (ATBN) rubber was obtained by reacting carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile (CTBN) with an excess diamine, Unilink 4200 (from UOP, El Dorado Hills, CA) consequently, free diamine molecules always remained in the rubber. The rubbers have almost the same molar mass but different end groups, which have been characterized in a previous work (20). Their structures are given in Chart I, and they are described in Table I. The two poly(ether sulfone)s (PESs) (Victrex, from ICI, United Kingdom) used in this study are described in Table II. 

Figure 2.4. Schematic illustrations of repeat units of several of the polymers listed in Table 2.2. (a) Poly(thiocarbonyl fluoride), (b) Poly(glycolic acid), (c) Polyepichlorohydrin. (d) Poly(maleic anhydride), (e) Poly(N-methyl glutarimide). (f) Poly(N-phenyl maleimide). (g) Poly[3,5-(4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole)-1,4-phenylene]. (h) Phenoxy resin, (i) Poly(oxy-1,4-phenylene-oxy-1,4-phenylene-carbonyl-l,4-phenylene). (j) Udel. (k) Victrex. (1) Tori on. (m) Ultem. (n) Resin F.

Poly[4,4 -sulfone diphenoxy di(4-phenylene)sulfone] (Victrex , ... 

Polysulphone (P-1700 and P-3500 from AMOCO) PVP (K-30 from BASF) and poly(ether sulphone) (VICTREX 4800P from ICI). 

Poly(aryl ether ketones) belong to the class of engineering polymers. In early to mid-1970s, Raychem Corp. commercially introduced a poly-Caryl ether ketone) called Stilan . In this polymer, each ether and keto group is separated hy 1,4-phenylene units. In 1978, Imperial Chemical Industries PLC (ICI) commercialized a poly(aryl ether ketone) under the trademark Victrex PEEK. ... 

Victrex 38IG Poly(etheretherketone), cable coating Victrex PLC... 

Victrex PEEK (Series) Poly(etheretherketone) Victrex PLC... 

Poly(oxy-1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene), poly-(etheretherketone), 231 Victrex PEK... 

ACRONYM. TRADE NAMES PES, Victrex lOOP and 200P (ICI) CLASS Poly(ether sulfones)... 

The development of polyaryls, in particular polyetherketones (PEEK), as a substitute of perfluorinated polymers was mainly based on cost and stability considerations [1]. Sulfonated polyetherketones has been found to be durable under fuel cell operation conditions over several thousand hours [185]. Victrex Company is the main producer of PEEK polymer and its sulfonation can be performed directly on the polymer backbone or by polymerization of sulfonated monomers [7]. Hoechst-Aventis and Eumatech commercialize sulfonated PEEK (sPEEK) and sulfonated poly(phtalazinone ether ketone) (sPPEK) membranes for fuel cell applications [3]. 

Poly ethersulphone. An amorphous thermoplastic with a chemical structure as shown in Figure 1.3. Transparent in its original form. Service temperature of end-products is up to approximately 180 °C. Examples of applications transparent parts of household articles and appliances, switches, hot water meter components, electronic parts. Trade name Victrex PES (UK). The industrial plastic polysulphone is also a poly-ethersulphone in the chemical sense. 

In recent years, new high-temperature-resistant engineering polymers have appeared. One of the most recently developed is poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), developed by ICI under the trade name Victrex . At room temperature, PEEK is insoluble in all classic organic solvents and dissolves only in some concentrated acids such as sulphuric, methane-sulphonic or hydrofluoric acids. At temperatures closer to its melting point, PEEK dissolves in rather unusual media, such as high-boiling esters, benzophenone, or diphenyl sulphone. 

May, R. Victrex aromatic polymers for high temperature application. Proc. 7 Annu Des. Ing. Conf., Birmingham, 25-27 Sept, 1984 Kempston, 1984. P. 313-318. Shinyama, K., Fujita, S. Dielectric and thermal properties of irradiated polyetheretherketone IEEE Trans. Dielec, and Elec. Insul.. 2001. 8, N 3, c. 538-542. Hamciuc, Comeliu, Bruma, Maria, Klapper, Marcus Sulfonated poly(ether-ketone)s containing hexafluoroisopropylidene groups J. Macromol. Sci. A. 2001. 38, N 7, P. 659-671. 

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