Ventricular zone

Hecht, J. H., Weiner,J. A., Post, S.R. and Chun. /Ventricular zone gene-1 (vzg-1) encodes a lysophosphatidic acid receptor expressed in neurogenic regions of the developing cerebral cortex. /. Cell Biol. 135 1071-1083,1996. 

FIGURE 1.6 Modes of cell m igration to the cerebral cortex. Schematic drawing of the cerebral cortical wall of the rodent at about embryonic day 13.5. The arrows indicate the main routes of cell migration. Abbreviations CP, cortical plate Hi, hippocampal formation IZ, intermediate zone LGE, lateral ganglionic eminence MGE, medial ganglionic eminence MZ, marginal zone POC, primary olfactory cortex V, lateral ventricle VZ, ventricular zone Adapted from (de Carlos et al. (1996). 

Luskin, M.B. (1993) Restricted proliferation and migration of post-natally generated neurons derived from the forebrain ventricular zone. Neuron 11 173-189. 

Alvarez-Buylla, A., Theelen, M., and Nottebohm, E, Proliferation of hot spots in adult avian ventricular zone reveal radial cell division, Neuron, 5, 101, 1990. 

Noctor SC, Flint AC, WeissmanTA, Wong WS, Clinton BK, Kiiegstein AR (2002) Dividing precursor cells of the embryonic cortical ventricular zone have morphological and molecular characteristics of radial glia. J Neurosci 22 3161—3173. 

The sub ventricular zone (SVZ), which is present in late gestational and early post-natal mammalian brain, is a major source of OL. 

Maslov AY, Barone TA, Plunkett RJ, Pruitt SC (2004) Neural stem cell detection, characterization, and age related changes in the sub-ventricular zone of mice. J Neurosci 24 1726-1733. 

Caviness VS Jr, Takahashi T (1995) Proliferative events in the cerebral ventricular zone. Brain Dev 17 159-163... 

Neurons are generated close to the ventricular zone of the neural tube. A complex set of factors including neuron type, position in mitotic gradients, and phylogenetic status, determines the time of neuronal origin (Jacobson, 1970). The number of neurons initially formed... 

Previous studies in fetal tissue also contributed a great deal to the discovery of neural stem cells. Neural stem cells are derived from fetal and adult brain, and have the ability to divide and give rise to more stem cells or to several types of precursor cells, which can then become neurons and glia. Neural stem cells in the mammalian fetal brain have been located in the subventricular zone, ventricular zone, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex. 

The initial phase of neural development is characterized by cellular proliferation (Cowan, 1979). As cell numbers increase, the epithelium thickens becoming separated into a ventricular zone and a less well defined and transient outer region, the subventricular zone, which becomes populated by committed precursor cells. In mammalian development, lineage commitment of CNS neural precursor cells is first apparent at around midgestation (Bailey, 1987). For instance, in the rat, the first terminally differentiated (i.e. post-mitotic) neurons develop at about embryonic day 11 (Ell) (Nomes and Das, 1974). This, however, does not necessarily imply that uncommitted precursor cells are thereafter depleted from the neural anlage nor that committed precursor cells have necessarily... 

Levitt, P., Cooper, M.L. and Rakic, P. (1981) Coexistence of neuronal and glial precursor cells in the cerebral ventricular zone of the fetal monkey an ultrastructural immunoperoxi-dase analysis. J. Neurosci. 1 27-39. 

---