Lipids material extracted from vegetables

Soluble HBA or HCA derivatives are frequently extracted from fmits and vegetables with ethanol or methanol-water solutions (80 0, v/v), using low temperatures and adding an antioxidant to prevent oxidation during the extraction procedure. Chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of the plant material is necessary when phenolic acids are linked to cell wall constituents to give insoluble forms [6]. Apolar solvents or supercritical carbon dioxide may be useful to extract phenolic lipids [7,8]. In the case of acylated flavonoids, solvents must be adapted to the characteristics of the flavonoid itself, e.g., acidic methanol for fruit anthocyanins, although some artefacts may appear under these conditions. 

Lipid-soluble food grade copper chlorophyll is manufactured similarly by extraction of adequate plant material, followed by replacement of magnesium by copper, and purihcation steps to remove carotenoids, waxes, sterols, oils, and other minor components that are co-extracted. Commercial copper chlorophylls may vary physically, ranging from viscous resins to fluid dilutions in edible oils as well as granulated forms and emulsions standardized with edible vegetable oil. Colors may vary... 

The use of SPE with porous materials such as alumina, diatomaceous earth, Horisil and silica for the cleanup of fat-soluble organochlorine pesticides in fatty foods such as meat, flsh, shellfish, milk and vegetable oils has been well documented. The choice of elution solvents is critical because relatively small amounts of lipid in the final extract can cause rapid deterioration of GC capillary columns and also contaminate the gas chromatograph. A number of workers have used a porous material in tandem with Cig to effect an improved cleanup.Di Mucchio employed a multicartridge system comprising Extrelut, silica and Cig to extract organophosphorus pesticides from oils and fatty extracts. Relatively few literature applications include the pyrethroids, but Ramesh and Balasubramanian reported a simple carbon-based SPE method for the analysis of pyrethroids in vegetable oil. 

Large supply of naturally derived lipids can be obtained from plants in which many oils and fatty acids can be readily extracted and purified. Animal sources (e.g., eggs or milkfats) are used to derive complex lipids such as phospholipids and cholesterol. Yield from natural sources is dependent on the weight-percent composition and the efficiency of the extraction procedure. The constitution of fatty acids in vegetable oils varies widely from different sources. For example, oleic acid is present at 64.6% by weight in olive oil but is present at only 0.7% in palm kernel oil. Similarly, castor oil triglyceride is comprised of almost entirely ricinoleic chains. There are numerous raw material suppliers of oils and oil fractions worldwide. As such, the relative cost of bulk purified... 

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