Vapor hazard index

Buetzer P. 1985. [Handling of toxic substances Experience and hazard A vapor hazard index for substances.] Swiss Chem7(9) 25-26, 28. (German)... 

Recognizing this, some authorities (such as the states of Delaware and New Jersey) require that the Substance Hazards Index (SHI) for each chemical be developed for each hazardous chemical (assuming that sufficient data are available). This index incorporates terms for both toxicity and the ease with which the liquid can vaporize following a spill. 

Inventory of hazardous material in pipes can also be minimized by using the hazardous material as a gas rather than as a liquid. The Dow Chemical Exposure Index (14) is a tool that can be used to measure inherent safety with regard to potential toxic exposure risk. Table 2 shows the reduction in the Chemical Exposure Index that can be realized by handling a number of hazardous materials as a gas rather than as a liquid, assuming that the same-size pipe can deliver the required flow rate. Figure 6 shows the decrease in the hazard zone (toxic cloud footprint) that resulted from relocating a chlorine vaporizer from a production building to... 

The out-of-balance signal caused by the presence of sample vapor in contact with the sensor is amplified and fed to a recorder or computer data acquisition system. For maximum sensitivity hydrogen should be used as the carrier gas, but to reduce fire hazards, helium can be used with very little compromise in sensitivity. The sensitivity of the katherometer is only about 10 g/ml (probably the least sensitive of all GC detectors) and has a linear dynamic range of about 500 (the response index being between 0.98 and 1.02). Although the least glamorous, this detector can be used in most GC analyses that utilize packed columns and where there is no limitation in sample availability. The device is simple, reliable, and rugged and, as already stated, relatively inexpensive. 

Properties Colorless liq.. fmity apricot-pineapple odor sol. in alcohol, most fixed oils insol. in glycerin, propylene glycol, water < > 160 C m.w. 144.21 dens. 0.869-0.873 vapor pressure 1.5 mm Hg (20 C) b.p. 156 C flash pt. 106 F ref. index 1.405-1.409 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) >14 g/kg, (skin, rabbit) > 14 g/kg TSCA listed Precaution Flamm. fire hazard... 

Properties Water-wh. liq., faint aromatic odor, sharp burning taste misc. with alcohol, chloroform, ether, water 206 C (dec.) m.w. 108.15 sp.gr. 1.042 vapor pressure 1 mm Hg (58 C) m.p. -15.3 C b.p. 205.7 C flash pt. (CC) 93 C ref. index 1.540 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 1230 mg/kg, (IP, rat) 400 mg/kg. (skin, rabbit) 2000 mg/kg poison by ing., IP, IV routes mod. toxic by inh., skin contact mod. skin and severe eye irritant may cross-react with balsam Peru in sensitive persons TSCA listed Precaution Combustible liq. incompat. with oxidizers (increased fire and explosion risk), acids (exothermic polymerization), sulfuric acid Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Dec. explosively at 180 C with sulfuric acid ... 

Formula CHsCCHJ.CH OCH CHiOCHiCHiOH Properties Water-wh. liq. sol. 3% in water si. to mod. sol. in water m.w. 190.28 sp.gr. 0.9346 (20/20 C) vapor pressure 0.01 mm Fig (20 C) f.p. -33 C b.p. 259.1 C flash pt. 140.5 C ref. index 1.438 (20 C) Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 4920 mg/kg, (skin, male rabbit) 2000 mg/kg mod. toxic by skin contact mildly toxic by ing. eye and severe skin Irritant can be absorbed thru skin possible allergic reactions mod. to severe eye irritant ing. may cause vomiting, headache, rapid respiration and heart rate, low blood pressure, muscle tenderness, unconsciousness high or repeated exposure may affect kidney TSCA listed Precaution Combustible exposed to heat or flame incompat. with oxidizing materials (increased fire and explosion hazard)... 

Properties Colorless liq., faint odor misc. with alcohol pract. insol. in water m.w. 208.33 dens. 0.933 (20/4 C) vapor pressure 12 mm (60 C) m.p. -77 C b.p. 165-166 C flash pt, (OC) 52 C ref. index 1.383 (20 C) sp. heat 0.55 cal/g/C dielec, const. 4.1 Toxicology ACGIH TLV/TWA10 ppm LD50 (oral, rat) 6270 mg/kg, (skin, rabbit) 5878 mg/kg LDLo (IV, rabbit) 200 mg/kg LCLo (inh., rat, 4 h) 1000 ppm poison by IV route mod. toxic by other routes strong irritant to eyes, nose, throat narcotic in high cones. TSCA listed Precaution Flamm. can react vigorously with oxidizers Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and fumes... 

Properties Coloriess clear liq. mild char, odor very sol. in water sol. in a variety of org. soivs. m.w. 118.18 sp.gr. 0.886 (20/20 C) f.p. -112 F b.p. 149.8 C flash pt. (TCC) 48 C ref. index 1.4121 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 3250 mg/kg, (skin, rabbit) 3560 mg/kg toxic low toxicity absorbed thm skin low toxicity by ing. and short-term inh. mild to mod. skin irritant mod. to severe eye irritant may cause corneal injury vapors may cause nose/throat irritation high cones, may cause CNS depression TSCA listed Precaution Flamm. incompat. with oxidizing agents (increases fire/ex-plosion hazard), strong acids (may cause decomp, of ethers) Hazardous Decon r. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes... 

Formula C3HsC[CH3(OCH3CH3) OH]3 Properties Dens. 1.102 flash pt. 110 C ref. index 1.4710 Toxicology Skin and eye irritant possible sensitizer TSCA listed Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating vapors... 

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