Sulfuric acid hazards

Derivation Reaction of benzene with sulfuric acid. Hazard Toxic by ingestion. 

Derivation Condensation of 3,4,5-trichlorophenol with formaldehyde in the presence of sulfuric acid. Hazard FDA prohibits use unless prescribed by a physician. 

Properties Water-wh. liq., faint aromatic odor, sharp burning taste misc. with alcohol, chloroform, ether, water 206 C (dec.) m.w. 108.15 sp.gr. 1.042 vapor pressure 1 mm Hg (58 C) m.p. -15.3 C b.p. 205.7 C flash pt. (CC) 93 C ref. index 1.540 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 1230 mg/kg, (IP, rat) 400 mg/kg. (skin, rabbit) 2000 mg/kg poison by ing., IP, IV routes mod. toxic by inh., skin contact mod. skin and severe eye irritant may cross-react with balsam Peru in sensitive persons TSCA listed Precaution Combustible liq. incompat. with oxidizers (increased fire and explosion risk), acids (exothermic polymerization), sulfuric acid Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Dec. explosively at 180 C with sulfuric acid ... 

Precaution Combustible liq. incompat. with oxidizers (increased fire and explosion risk), acids (exothermic polymerization), sulfuric acid Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Dec. explosively at 180 C with sulfuric acid healed to... 

There are explosion hazards with phthahc anhydride, both as a dust or vapor in air and as a reactant. Table 11 presents explosion hazards resulting from phthahc anhydride dust or vapor (40,41). Preventative safeguards in handling sohd phthahc anhydride have been reported (15). Water, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam may be used to extinguish the burning anhydride. Mixtures of phthahc anhydride with copper oxide, sodium nitrite, or nitric acid plus sulfuric acid above 80°C explode or react violently (39). 

The reaction between urea and Aiming sulfuric acid is rapid and exothermic. It may proceed with violent boiling unless the reaction temperature is controlled. The reactants are strongly acidic. Therefore, operators should wear suitable protective gear to guard against chemical hazard. Special stainless steel, mbber lining, fiber-reinforced plastics, and polyvinyl chloride and carbon equipment are used. 

Isopropyl Ether. Isopropyl ether is manufactured by the dehydration of isopropyl alcohol with sulfuric acid. It is obtained in large quantities as a by-product in the manufacture of isopropyl alcohol from propylene by the sulfuric acid process, very similar to the production of ethyl ether from ethylene. Isopropyl ether is of moderate importance as an industrial solvent, since its boiling point Hes between that of ethyl ether and acetone. Isopropyl ether very readily forms hazardous peroxides and hydroperoxides, much more so than other ethers. However, this tendency can be controlled with commercial antioxidant additives. Therefore, it is also being promoted as another possible ether to be used in gasoline (33). 

Fire Hazards - Flash Point Not flammable Flammable limits in Air (%) Not flammable Fire Extinguishing Agents Not pertinent Fire Extinguishing Agents Not To Be Used Not pertinent Special Hazards of Combustion Products Toxic beryllium oxide and sulfuric acid fumes may form in fire situations Behavior in Fire Not pertinent Ignition Temperature Not flammable Electrical Hazard Not pertinent Burning Rate Not flammable. 

Hazard code Larger letter size indicates greater hazard. For example, high hazard materials (R) include phosgene, carbon disulfide, ethylene oxide, etc. Moderate hazard materials (E) include toluene, sulfuric acid, etc. Low hazard materials (J) include soda ash, alum, etc. 

Both sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid catalyzed alkylations are low temperature processes. Table 3-13 gives the alkylation conditions for HF and H2SO4 processes. One drawback of using H2SO4 and HF in alkylation is the hazards associated with it. Many attempts have been tried to use solid catalysts such as zeolites, alumina and ion exchange resins. Also strong solid acids such as sulfated zirconia and SbFs/sulfonic acid resins were tried. Although they were active, nevertheless they lack stability. No process yet proved successful due to the fast deactivation of the catalyst. A new process which may have commercial possibility, uses... 

Hazards. K permanganate is a powerful oxidizing agent. It can expld in contact with organic materials, especially ale, ether, glycerin arid combustible gases or with sulfuric acid... 

Safety in transport and storage. Liquid-stabilized S03, 65% oleum, 20% oleum, 98% sulfuric acid, and chlorosulfonic acid are hazardous chemicals in transport, handling, and storage. Sulfur in liquid or solid form is a far less hazardous starting material for the production of S03. 

Corrosive wastes are acidic or alkaline (basic) wastes which can readily corrode or dissolve flesh, metal, or other materials. They are also among the most common hazardous wastestreams. Waste sulfuric acid from automotive batteries is an example of a corrosive waste. U.S. EPA uses two criteria to identify corrosive hazardous wastes. The first is a pH test. Aqueous wastes with a pH greater than or equal to 12.5, or less than or equal to 2 are corrosive under U.S. EPA s rules. A waste may also be corrosive if it has the ability to corrode steel in a specific U.S. EPA-approved test protocol. 

Oxidants more concentrated than air are of greater hazard potxential, and the extent of involvement of the common oxidants Perchloric acid Chlorine Nitric acid Hydrogen peroxide Sulfuric acid METAL CHLORATES... 

The reaction conditions necessary to obtain a good yield of the title compound (a difficult isomer), and to avoid hazards during the nitration of resorcinol, are critical and strict adherence to those specified is essential. The necessary 80% white fuming nitric acid must be completely free from oxides of nitrogen and nitrous acid, and procedures for this are detailed. Then the temperature dining addition of the diacetate must be kept between -10 and 0°C by regulating the rate of addition. The alternative use of 80% sulfuric acid as solvent for the 80% nitric acid (5 equiv.) is preferred as more reliable, but both methods have led to violent exothermic decomposition, accompanied by fume-off, after an induction period. In any event, the explosive 2,4,6-trinitroresorcinol ( styphnic acid ) is produced as a by-product. 

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